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EN
Lignite from the “‘Pątnów IV” deposit is mined in the Jóźwin IIB opencast by the Konin Lignite Mine. Within the exploited 1st Mid-Polish lignite seam, there are layers of sand with a thickness of over 5 m. Based on field observations and geological mapping, these sandy interbeddings are interpreted as deposits of two or three crevasse splays of different ages. Due to such a large thickness of sands, only the upper bench of the lignite seam is currently mined in the Jóźwin IIB opencast. On the other hand, the exploitation of the lower and middle lignite benches of this seam is unprofitable at present.
EN
Over three thousand specimens representing the superfamily Trochoidea Rafinesque, 1815 [Trochidae Rafinesque, 1815 and Calliostomatidae Thiele, 1924 (1847)] from the upper Upper Badenian = Kosovian = lower Serra vallian (middle Miocene) marine deposits of Ukraine, housed in the collections of the Polish Academy of Sciences Museum of the Earth in Warsaw (MZ), are studied herein. The abundant material has allowed for investigations of the intraspecific variation and revision of earlier determinations. As a result, 21 species belonging to 5 genera have been identified, described and illustrated, of which one is new [Clanculus (Clanculopsis) krachi sp. nov.] and one is left in open nomenclature. Granulifera O. Anistratenko, 2000 is considered a junior subjective synonym of Clanculopsis Monterosato, 1879; Granulifera pulla O. Anistratenko, 2000 is considered a junior subjective synonym of Monodonta tuberculata Eichwald, 1830; Gibbula sytovae Amitrov, 1961 is considered a junior subjective synonym of Trochus miocaenicus Mayer, 1853; Gibbula volhynica Friedberg, 1928 is considered a junior subjective synonym of Trochus novemcinctus von Buch, 1830; and Trochus buchii du Bois de Montpéreux, 1831 is suppressed in favour of the senior subjective synonym Trochus puschii Andrzejowski, 1830. The geographic distribution and stratigraphic ranges of the taxa are given. Six species are known only from the Polish-Ukrainian part of the Fore-Carpathian Basin. The protoconch features are systematically studied in the Trochidae and Calliostomatidae from this area for the first time.
EN
The subject of the research was the Middle Miocene red algal limestone from the Włochy deposit, which is currently the only place of exploitation of the Pińczów Limestone representing a local type of the Leitha Limestone. The collected samples of this rock belong to the organodetric facies of diverse grain size and sorting of clastic material. Considering the proportions of characteristic skeleton remains, the composition of the coarse-grained organodetric facies is red algal-foraminiferalbryozoic, while of the fine-grained facies is foraminiferal-red algal. The cement of these rocks is predominantly sparite compared to micrite-clay matrix. A complement to petrographic studies was the chemical analysis and identification of mineral phases with X-ray diffraction. Moreover, physical and mechanical properties of samples were analyzed. Porosity of the rock was assessed in the polarizing and scanning microscope (SEM-EDS) observations, as well as with a porosimetric tests. The coarse-detrital limestone with a dominant binder in the form of intergranular cement is characterized by the apparent density sometimes exceeded 1.90 Mg/m3, while fine-grained limestone has the highest water absorbability (above 20%) and total porosity (about 40%). The above properties influenced high water absorption by capillarity, limiting the possibility of using limestone in places exposed to moisture. The observed relationship between the ultrasonic waves velocity and the uniaxial compressive strength gives the possibility of predicting the value of the latter parameter in the future. The limestones from Włochy deposit do not differ in quality from the previously used Pińczów Limestones, and their technical parameters predestine them for use as cladding material with insulating properties.
PL
Przedmiotem badań były środkowomioceńskie wapienie krasnorostowe ze złoża Włochy, jedynego obecnie miejsca eksploatacji wapieni pińczowskich, reprezentujących lokalny typ wapieni litawskich. Pobrane próbki tych skał reprezentują fację organodetrytyczną o zróżnicowanym uziarnieniu i wysortowaniu materiału okruchowego. Biorąc pod uwagę proporcje charakterystycznych szczątków szkieletowych, skład facji gruboziarnistej jest krasnorostowo-otwornicowo-mszywiołowy, zaś drobnoziarnistej – otwornicowo-krasnorostowy. Spoiwo tych skał stanowi cement sparytowy, przeważający nad matriks mikrytowo-ilastą. Uzupełnieniem obserwacji petrograficznych była analiza składu chemicznego i identyfikacja faz mineralnych przy pomocy dyfraktometrii rentgenowskiej (XRD). Ponadto wykonano badania właściwości fizycznych i mechanicznych. Porowatość skały oceniono na podstawie obserwacji w mikroskopie polaryzacyjnym i skaningowym (SEM-EDS) oraz w testach porozymetrycznych. Wapienie grubodetrytyczne z dominującym spoiwem w postaci cementu intergranularnego odznaczają się gęstością pozorną przekraczającą czasem 1,90 Mg/m3, podczas gdy drobnoziarniste mają najwyższą nasiąkliwość wagową (pow. 20%) i porowatość całkowitą (ok. 40%). Wpływa to na wysoką nasiąkliwość kapilarną, ograniczającą możliwości zastosowania wapienia w miejscach narażonych na zawilgocenia. Stwierdzona zależność pomiędzy prędkością fal ultradźwiękowych a wytrzymałością na ściskanie jednoosiowe daje możliwość prognozowania wartości tego ostatniego parametru w przyszłości. Wapienie ze złoża Włochy mają jakość podobną do innych wapieni pińczowskich eksploatowanych w przeszłości, a ich parametry techniczne predestynują je do zastosowania jako materiału okładzinowego o właściwościach izolacyjnych.
EN
The decapod fauna from the Badenian (middle Miocene) deposits of western Ukraine comprises in total 31 taxa: 20 species, 9 taxa left in open nomenclature, and 2 determined at family level. Thirteen of these taxa are reported for the first time from the territory of Ukraine. Among them are the first records of Trapezia glaessneri Müller, 1976 in the Fore-Carpathian Basin and Pachycheles sp. in Paratethys. One taxon (Petrolisthes sp. A) probably represents a new species. The occurrence of this significant decapod fauna is restricted almost exclusively to the Upper Badenian (i.e., early Serravallian) coralgal reefs of the Ternopil Beds. The taxonomic composition of the decapods indicates that the Late Badenian depositional environment was a shallow marine basin dominated by reefs that developed in warm-to-tropical waters of oceanic salinity. The decapod assemblage from the Ternopil Beds is similar in its taxonomic composition to numerous decapod faunules from fossil reefs of Eocene to Miocene age from the Mediterranean realm and of Miocene age from Paratethys. In contrast, decapod remains are very scarce in Badenian siliciclastic deposits (Mikolaiv Beds) and are represented by the most resistant skeletal elements, i.e., dactyli and fixed fingers. This scarcity was caused by the high-energy environment, with frequent episodes of redeposition, which disintegrated and abraded the decapod remains. The decapod fauna from the Badenian (middle Miocene) deposits of western Ukraine comprises in total 31 taxa: 20 species, 9 taxa left in open nomenclature, and 2 determined at family level. Thirteen of these taxa are reported for the first time from the territory of Ukraine. Among them are the first records of Trapezia glaessneri Müller, 1976 in the Fore-Carpathian Basin and Pachycheles sp. in Paratethys. One taxon (Petrolisthes sp. A) probably represents a new species. The occurrence of this significant decapod fauna is restricted almost exclusively to the Upper Badenian (i.e., early Serravallian) coralgal reefs of the Ternopil Beds. The taxonomic composition of the decapods indicates that the Late Badenian depositional environment was a shallow marine basin dominated by reefs that developed in warm-to-tropical waters of oceanic salinity. The decapod assemblage from the Ternopil Beds is similar in its taxonomic composition to numerous decapod faunules from fossil reefs of Eocene to Miocene age from the Mediterranean realm and of Miocene age from Paratethys. In contrast, decapod remains are very scarce in Badenian siliciclastic deposits (Mikolaiv Beds) and are represented by the most resistant skeletal elements, i.e., dactyli and fixed fingers. This scarcity was caused by the high-energy environment, with frequent episodes of redeposition, which disintegrated and abraded the decapod remains.
EN
A new species of heterobranch gastropods, the hammerhead Chelidonura radwanskii sp. nov., found in the socalled Pleurotoma-clays of middle Miocene (Langhian) age in the environs of Korytnica, southern Holy Cross Mountains, Poland, is described. It is the first fossil representative of Chelidonura A. Adams, 1850. This tiny gastropod is named in honour of the late Professor Andrzej Radwański.
EN
Remains of decapod crustaceans of the family Alpheidae Rafinesque, 1815 and bony fish of the family Gobiidae Bonaparte, 1832 co-occur at a number of localities in the Korytnica Basin (Holy Cross Mountains) and in a newly exposed section along a stream near Niskowa (Outer Carpathians), both in southern Poland. These remains (alpheid major right-sided cheliped tips and gobiid otoliths) are interpreted as documenting a commensal partnership that existed in the shallowest zones of the middle Miocene Fore-Carpathian Basin in southern Poland under environmental conditions that must have been comparable to those of the present-day tropical/ subtropical Indo-West Pacific and Caribbean.
EN
The genus Diodora Gray, 1821 is widely represented in the Middle Miocene of the Central Paratethys with specimens usually attributed to D. graeca (Linnaeus, 1758) or D. italic (Defrance, 1820), well-known recent species of the Atlantic / Mediterranean Basin. In samples from the Upper Badenian of Western Ukraine we found two clusters of Diodora specimens, showing a similarity with these species, but a review of shell diagnostic characters using a statistical approach has revealed their clear conchological separateness. The first species from Varovtsi and Horodok is attributed herein to D. nodosa (Eichwald, 1830), whereas the second species from Maksymivka is described as a new species, D. stalennuyi sp. nov. We consider that these molluscs inhabited the Polish-Ukrainian marginal part of the Late Badenian Basin. Detailed descriptions of the protoconch and teleoconch morphology of the taxa involved, including SEM images, are presented.
PL
Na podstawie wyników szczegółowej analizy zespołów nanoplanktonu wapiennego występującego w profilach badawczych otworów wiertniczych wykonanych w rejonie Buska, w północnej części zapadliska przedkarpackiego, określono pozycję stratygraficzną przewierconych sekwencji osadowych. W profilu otworu wiertniczego Busko (Młyny) PIG-1 iły margliste górnej części formacji skawińskiej zaliczono do poziomu nanoplanktonowego NN5 Sphenolithus heteromorphus odpowiadającego środkowemu badenowi Paratetydy i górnemu langowi/ dolnemu serrawalowi w prowincji medyterańskiej. Serie z ewaporatami (przeławicenia gipsów i iłów), wyróżnione jako formacja krzyżanowicka, oraz osady ilaste formacji z Machowa reprezentują poziom nanoplanktonowy NN6 Discoaster exilis. Przez analogię do innych basenów Paratetydy Środkowej granicę pięter badeńskiego i sarmackiego w profilu tego otworu wskazano bezpośrednio poniżej 20-metrowej miąższości sekwencji zawierającej skały bogate w okrzemki. W zespołach nanoplanktonu wapiennego dolny sarmat wyznacza pojawienie się gatunków Rhabdosphaera poculi Bóna et Kernerne i Rhabdosphaera procera Martini. W profilu otworu wiertniczego Kazimierza Wielka (Donosy) PIG-1, w osadach formacji z Machowa, wyróżniono poziom nanoplanktonowy NN6 Discoaster exilis. Masowy rozwój okrzemek udokumentowany w profilu otworu wiertniczego Busko (Młyny) PIG-1 świadczy o położeniu tego obszaru w pobliżu ujścia większej rzeki dostarczającej związki azotu, fosforu oraz krzemionkę. Zachowanie delikatnych frustul okrzemek było możliwe dzięki szybkiej sedymentacji osadów klastycznych w nadkładzie skał bogatych w okrzemki.
EN
The results of detailed analysis of calcareous nannoplankton in Miocene deposits from the northern part of the Carpathian Foredeep enabled stratigraphic conclusions. Marly clays of the uppermost part of the Skawina Formation in the Busko (Młyny) PIG-1 borehole section are correlated with the NN5 Sphenolithus heteromorphus Zone that corresponds with the Middle Badenian in the Paratethys and the upper Langhian/ Lower Serravalian in the Mediterranean region. The Krzyżanowice Formation, which includes evaporites (gypsum and clay intercalations), and the Machów Formation represent the NN6 Discoaster exilis Zone. By a comparison with other Paratethyan basins, the Badenian/ Sarmatian boundary is proposed just below a 20-metres thick set of diatomaceous siltstone layers. Among the calcareous nannofossil species, the appearance of Rhabdosphaera poculi Bóna et Kernerne and Rhabdosphaera procera Martini may point to the Lower Sarmatian transgression. Clayey sequences of the Machów Formation in the Kazimierza Wielka (Donosy) PIG-1 borehole correspond with the NN6 Discoaster exilis Zone. Abundance of diatom floras observed in the Busko (Młyny) PIG-1 borehole suggests a proximity of a river mouth that supplied water with nitrates, phosphates and silica. Preservation of delicate siliceous diatom frustules was possible due to rapid deposition of clastic sediments above diatomaceous siltstone.
EN
The First Middle-Polish lignite seam of Middle Miocene age is exploited in all opencast mines in the Konin-Turek area, central Poland. This lignite seam contains a large number of xylites, for which the compaction coefficient was calculated as equal to 1.2. On the other hand, it is known that the compaction coefficient for the whole 1st Middle-Polish lignite seam is approximately 2.0. It follows that the compaction coefficient of xylites is 60% of the compaction coefficient for the whole lignite seam. Therefore, the compaction coefficient for the 1st Middle-Polish lignite seam can be easily determined on the basis of the compaction coefficient of xylites. In contrast to other methods, compaction studies of xylites are characterised by easy measurements and simple calculations, and allow neglecting, e.g., post-sedimentary deformation of the lignite seam.
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