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Analiza okulograficzna w postrzeganiu elementów wnętrza architektonicznego

Bonenberg Agata, Linowiecka Barbara

Builder

2023

R.27, nr 10

30--33

Artykuł przedstawia badania nad postrzeganiem przestrzeni wnętrz architektonicznych z wykorzystaniem technologii eye tracking (badania okulograficzne). W badaniach użyto systemu śledzenia ruchu gałek ocznych w celu pomiaru reakcji wzroku na zróżnicowane bodźce. Celem badania jest określenie cech i elementów wnętrza architektonicznego, które najefektywniej przyciągają wzrok użytkowników przy uwzględnieniu miejsca obserwacji - kadru. Aby osiągnąć cel badawczy, porównano dwa ujęcia tego samego wnętrza holu głównego budynku Wydziału Architektury i Inżynierii Zarządzania Politechniki Poznańskiej. Przedstawione w wynikach badania heat maps (mapy cieplne) zobrazowały skupienie uwagi grupy uczestników w tym samym czasie i pozwoliły na weryfikację wzorców wzrokowych różnych osób. Analiza wyników pokazała, że jasne obszary o wysokim kontraście w obserwowanych przestrzeniach architektonicznych, takie jak dynamiczne, jasne formy, oświetlone tablice informacyjne, podświetlone ekrany LCD, narożniki ścian oraz wybrane konfiguracje architektoniczne, są w stanie przyciągnąć wzrok użytkowników przestrzeni w pierwszej kolejności. To powoduje, że na tych elementach skupiają swoją uwagę i poświęcają im więcej czasu. Narożniki ścian okazały się dominujące w odbiorze wnętrza przez uczestników badania. Istotną determinantą był również kadr - kompozycja symetryczna widoku powodowała silniejsze skupienie uwagi w osi widoku.

The article presents research on the perception of architectural interior spaces using eye tracking technology. The study uses an eye tracking system to measure eye response to diverse stimuli. The aim of the study is to identify the features and elements of architectural interiors that most effectively attract the users' gaze, taking into account the place of observation - the frame. In order to achieve the research goal, two shots of the same interior of the main lobby of the Faculty of Architecture and Management Engineering building of Poznan University of Technology were compared. The heat maps presented in the study results illustrate the focus of attention of a group of participants at the same time and allowed verification of the visual patterns of different people. Analysis of the results showed that bright areas of high contrast in the observed architectural spaces, such as dynamic, bright forms, illuminated signs, backlit LCD screens, wall corners and selected architectural configurations, are able to attract the eyes of space users first. This causes them to focus their attention on these elements and spend more time on them. The light corners of the walls, proved to be dominant in the perception of the interior by the survey participants. Framing was also an important determinant - the symmetrical composition of the view caused a stronger focus of attention in the axis of the view.

Specifics of the traffic scene identification problem observed at level crossings, analysed from the train driver’s perspective

Młyńczak Jakub, Folęga Piotr, Celiński Ireneusz

Archives of Transport

2021

Vol. 58, iss. 2

81--97

Level crossing is an element of the transport infrastructure of a particular type. This is where streams of regulated and unregulated traffic interact. Vehicles of regulated, rail traffic affect on unregulated, road traffic vehicles. This process takes place over a relatively small area. But the associated processes are concerned with long distances and medium speeds. Importantly, the impact may be mutual (mainly on level crossing cat. D). Consequently, a number of diverse problems can be observed at level crossings as well as in their direct vicinity. One of them is very particular, since its intensity and scale are significantly higher compared to other points of the transport network. This is a problem of how the sight organs of a rail vehicle driver function. At level crossings, a rail vehicle driver is incapable of registering all events connected with moving objects in a horizontal plane of the field of view (often, dozens or hundreds of vehicles and pedestrians, rail vehicles, signs etc.). Especially in agglomeration areas, near the railway stations, people may violently trespass into the tracks. Before reaching a level crossing, the driver’s sight organs perform specific movements of variable dynamics, having a direct impact on the traffic safety. Given the context in question, the article discusses the methods used to measure the characteristics of the train driver’s sight organs by means of eye tracking devices. The measured characteristics are: saccadic movements, fixation point locations, blinking etc. The relevant studies were supported by using additional equipment and techniques, including visual and vibroacoustic ones. These studies have been illustrated with reference to the measurements performed in different sections of the railway network. The aim of the research was to analyse the behaviour of drivers of traction vehicles. The research results have been discussed in quantitative terms, thus introducing several new descriptive characteristics. The data thus obtained, e.g. concerning the functions of the driver’s sight organs, have been analysed using numerical data set characteristics. With regard to the context this article the authors also conduct research addresses measurements of the characteristics of the road vehicle driver’s sight organs performed by means of eye tracking devices.