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Implementacja okrętowych zadań ogniowych do wirtualnych systemów szkolno-treningowych

Cichocki A.

Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Marynarki Wojennej

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2014

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R. 55 nr 3 (198)

21--37

PL

W artykule przedstawiono potrzeby oraz możliwości wykorzystania zaawansowanych systemów szkolno-treningowych do szkolenia załóg okrętów w zakresie realizowanych zadań ogniowych z użyciem broni strzeleckiej, w szczególności wielkokalibrowych karabinów maszynowych — WKM. Omówiono możliwe i potrzebne w systemie szkolenia morskiego dwa rodzaje scenariuszy symulacji, które stanowią odzwierciedlenie ćwiczeń realizowanych w zakresie działań przeciwminowych (Mine Countermeasure — MCM) i ochrony sił (Force Protection).

EN

This article presents the possibilities of employing advanced training systems in the training of ships’ crews in the use of small arms fire, especially with large caliber machine guns. It discusses two kinds of possible and necessary simulation scenarios in the naval training system, which are based on exercises carried out in the area of Mine Countermeasures (MCM) and Force Protection.

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Gierałtów versus Śnieżnik gneisses - what is the real difference?

Redlińska-Marczyńska Aleksandra

Geologos

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2011

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Vol. 17, No. 2

71--96

EN

Structural and petrographic study applied to the gneisses from the eastern part of the Orlica-Śnieżnik Dome, indicate that two different types of gneiss are present. The Śnieżnik gneisses are porphyrithic granites, constricted and sheared into L-S tectonites, most commonly with augens; the Gierałtów gneisses are sheared migmatites, porphyroblastic gneisses and banded gneisses, with two sets of metamorphic foliation, intrafolial folds and lensoid leucosome aggregates or metamorphic porphyroblasts. Both lithologies were later zonally sheared and transformed into more or less deformationally advanced mylonites, difficult to be distinguished from one of the two types. Identification of the Śnieżnik and Gierałtów gneisses is possible only between zones of the late (Variscan) shearing, in which the original, pre-kinematic structures are preserved.

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Gneisses in the Orlica-Śnieżnik Dome, West Sudetes : a single batholitic protolith or a more complex origin?

Redlińska-Marczyńska A., Żelaźniewicz A.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2011

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Vol. 61, no. 3

307-339

EN

Detailed structural and petrographic studies confirmed the presence of two major units of ca. 515-480 Ma gneisses in the Orlica-Śnieżnik Dome (NE Bohemian Massif) and enabled the distinction of two formations which differ in their mineral composition (modal and chemical) and structural records. An intrusive contact between rocks of the two formations was observed. The Gierałtów Gneiss Formation is composed of rocks having at least two sets of folded metamorphic foliations, with relics of compositional banding and records of early shearing prior to migmatization and metablastesis which produced quartzofeldspathic segregations (D1-D2 events). Such aggregates, even if isometric and shared (D3) may, but must not be mistaken for original augens (porphyroclasts in the original granite). Modal contents of the feldspars differ widely (20-40% of plagioclase feldspar, 16-40% of alkali feldspar) as well as their composition (Ab[0-90], An[6-38]); the biotites can be either poor or enormously enriched in Al (0.26-1.07 Al[^VI]). Such heterogeneities are consistent with the inferred metamorphic transformations of originally diversified sedimentary-volcanogenic protoliths. in contrast, the Śnieżnik Gneiss Formation is composed of metagranites, dynamically metamorphosed into the augen gneisses. They possess only one set of mylonitic foliation and one rodding lineation, both developed during a regional shear event (D3). Nearly equal modes of feldspars and quartz, uniform composition of plagioclase feldspar (An6-23) and a rather stable amount of Al (0.3-08 AlVi) in the biotites are indicative of homogenization of a granitic protolith. Anatectic provenance of the gneisses is evidenced by enclaves. Felsic microgranular enclaves are chilled fragments of the parental intrusion, while xenoliths and surmicaceous enclaves are akin to rocks of the Gierałtów Formation, thus the latter or equivalent rocks formed a migmatic envelope of the Śnieżnik granite pluton.