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Mineral assemblages as a record of the evolutionary history of the Pepper Mts. Shale Formation (the Holy Cross Mts.)

Naglik B., Natkaniec-Nowak L., Heflik W.

Geology, Geophysics and Environment

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2016

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Vol. 42, no. 2

161--173

EN

The Pepper Mts. Shale Formation, consisting of: clayey shales, mudstones and sandstones, as one of the oldest unit of the Holy Cross Mts., was subjected to mineralogical and petrographical studies. In order to reconstruct the geological history of the succession, mineral assemblages were characterized from the genetic point of view. Pyrite and goethite taking a form of bacterial-cell pseudomorphoses, crystallized during sedimentation and/or diagenesis, while quartz, kaolinite, goethite and chlorite prove subsequent alteration due to the hydrothermal fluid circulation. Secondary sulphates occurring on the pyrite-bearing rock outcrops mark the way of weathering processes. According to the presented results, Cambrian sediments were affected by hot fluids, which caused mineral recomposition and maturing of organic matter. Under the hypergenic conditions sulphate crust precipitate with pickeringite [MgAl 2 (SO 4 ) 4 ∙ 22H 2 O], as a dominant phase accompanied by alunogen [A l 2 (SO 4 ) 3 ∙ 17H 2 O] and small amount of epsomite [MgSO 4 ∙ 7H 2 O].

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Geological setting of the Milejowice-Janowice diabase intrusion: insights into post-Caledonian magmatism in the Holy Cross Mts., Poland

Kowalczewski Z.

Geological Quarterly

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2004

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Vol. 48, No 2

135--146

EN

Near Milejowice and Janowice in the eastern part of the Łysogóry Unit of the Holy Cross Mts., Poland, a SW-NE trending diabase has been identified intruding Lower Palaeozoic strata. This intrusion causes amagnetic anomaly, with delta T values of 48-112 gamma. It is orientated perpendicular to the regional strike. Boreholes encountered one to three component dykes 2.0 to more than 10.0 m thick inclined at 75-90 degrees Celsius, generally towards the east. They are hydrothermally altered and affected by surface weathering. The intrusion is located along two independent transverse faults, "skipping" from one to another irrespective of their strike. The intrusive zone is strongly tectonically disturbed, S-curved and disrupted by faults into segments and sub-segments. Most of the diabases are slicken-sided, and locally cataclased and mylonitized. The Milejowice-Janowice diabases probably formed in the Early Devonian, i.e. late Lochkovian-early Pragian, as post-tectonic igneous rocks belonging to within-plate, continental basalts according to Krzemiński (2004). Their origin may be referred tomagmatism triggered by the extension of the Baltica passivemargin during the final Late Silurian-Early Devonian phase of its collision with eastern Avalonia. A complex and at least two-phase development ofmagmatism in the Holy Cross Mts. is envisaged.

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Budowa geologiczna jednostki łysogórskiej (Góry Świętokrzyskie) na podstawie analizy zdjęć radarowych

Mastella L., Mizerski W.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2002

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Vol. 50, nr 9

767-772

EN

The paper is focused on the geological setting of the Łysogóry Range between the region northwards of Kielce to the eastern ending of the Truskolaska Hill based on the photointerpretation of radar images in the 1:200.000 scale at a resolution ofca. 30 meters. Side selection radar images, taken in concordance with the strike of the geological structures, were chosen for interpretation. The images remove part of the obstracles due to regetation cover and weathered debris. Therefore they are very useful for the recognition of the lithostratigraphy and tectonics of the Łysogóry Unit. Four lithological complexes, corresponding to the previously distinguished lithostratigraphic units, were recognised in the Middle and Upper Cambrian strata. Generally, the Łysogóry Unit is characterised by strata dipping monoclinally northwards. Southern dips occur sporadically within the shale-sandstone complex I, where they are linked with folding. The Łysogóry Unit is delimited bounded by a dislocation (Holy Cross Dislocation) not only from the south, but probably also from the north. Eastwards from Radostowa Hill and Nowa Słupia, the latter dislocation is cut by a series of NE-SW trending sinistral faults. This might indicate its strike-slip, dextral character. Similarly, a series ofNW-SE trending large dextral faults, lying at 25" in relation to the dislocation, accompany the Holy Cross Dislocation. This proves that they are low-angle Riedel shears (R). In this interpretation the presence of a dextral strike-slip component along with the dip-slip component should be assumed. Additionally, in effect of these fault the Łysogóry Unit was flaked, and the individual flakes were husted upon each other. Among the many large regional faults cutting the Łysogóry Unit, the only distinct fault is the Łysogóry Dislocation westwards of Nowa Słupia. The others are invisible in radar images. This is probably caused by the limitations of this method. In effect, the remote sensing method should be supplemented by fieldwork.

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Acritarchs from Cambrian deposits of the southern part of the Łysogóry unit in the Holy Cross Mountains, Poland

Szczepanik Z.

Geological Quarterly

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2001

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Vol. 45, No 2

117-130

EN

The palynology of the Cambrian claystones and mudstones of the Góry Pieprzowe Shale Formation in the southern part of the Łysogóry region (Holy Cross Mts., Poland) are described. These deposits had been referred to the Middle Cambrian of the Paradoxides paradoxissimus and Paradoxides forchhammeri Superzones. Here, rocks from 10 shallow drillings and several exposures in the Opatów region have been examined. Scarce and poorly preserved acritarch assemblages contain several forms that are indicative for the Upper Cambrian, while the genera Acanthodiacrodium, Cymatiogalea, Stelliferidium, Trunculumarium, Nellia, Impluviculus, Calyxiella, and Veryhachium excludes the possibility of a Middle Cambrian age. Rather, these forms suggest the Upper Cambrian, most probably its middle and upper part. The occurrence of the rocks of this age to both north and south of the Łysogóry quartzite outcrops indicates tectonic repetition of the geological structure in the Main Range of the Holy Cross Mountains.The dark colours of palynoflora from the Pieprzowe Mountains in Sandomierz are identical with the colours of the Cambrian microflora from the Łysogóry region, and differ from the bright colours characterising organic matter in the Kielce region of the Holy Cross Mountains. This suggests a tectonic relation of the Pieprzowe Mountains with the Łysogóry region rather than with the Kielce region, as hitherto thought.