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From legend to discovery - historical and geotechnical conditions related to the discovery of tunnels under the Castle Hill in Szczecin

Godlewski Tomasz, Mieszkowski Radosław, Maślakowski Maciej

Archives of Civil Engineering

2023

Vol. 69, nr 1

453--467

The historical past of a building has a key influence on the variability of geotechnical conditions. These conditions change with a modification of the structural system, a change in function or only architectural elements (fashionable in a given period). In the article, various geotechnical and geophysical surveys are described, which led to a discovery of potential causes of a structural failure at historical Castle of Dukes of Pomerania in Szczecin. The investigation resulted in a discovery of an underground tunnel system constructed under the Castle, which existence was only suspected. The tunnels were constructed primarily during II World War, but also before that period. The article summarizes facts discovered due to investigation as well as historical and geological background related to the execution of the reinforced concrete and masonry tunnels. The lesson learned resulting from this discovery is that great care should be taken when historical areas are considered, even if the structure seems to be massive and robust.

Historyczna przeszłość budynku ma kluczowy wpływ na zmienność warunków geotechnicznych. Warunki te zmieniają się wraz z modyfikacją układu konstrukcyjnego, zmianą funkcji lub tylko elementów architektonicznych (modnymi w danym okresie). W artykule opisano różne badania geotechniczne i geofizyczne, które doprowadziły do odkrycia potencjalnych przyczyn katastrofy historycznego skrzydła Zamku Książąt Pomorskich w Szczecinie. Przeprowadzone badania doprowadziły do odkrycia podziemnego systemu tuneli zbudowanych pod Zamkiem, których istnienie tylko podejrzewano. Tunele zostały zbudowane głównie w czasie II wojny światowej, ale także przed tym okresem. W artykule podsumowano aktualne fakty odkryte w wyniku badań oraz uwarunkowania historyczne i geotechniczne związane z wykonaniem tuneli żelbetowych i murowanych.

The pre-Taghanic (Givetian, Middle Devonian) ecosystems of Miłoszów (Holy Cross Mts, Poland)

Halamski Adam T., Baliński Andrzej, Racki Grzegorz, Amler Michael R. W., Basse Martin, Denayer Julien, Dubicka Zofia, Filipiak Paweł, Kondas Marcelina, Krawczyński Wojciech, Mieszkowski Radosław, Narkiewicz Katarzyna, Olempska Ewa, Wrzołek Tomasz, Wyse-Jacson Patrick N., Zapalski Mikołaj K., Zatoń Michał, Kozłowski Wojciech

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

2022

Vol. 92, No. 4

323--379

The middle and upper parts of the Skały Fm, Early to Middle Givetian in age, were investigated in four sections at Miłoszów Wood in the Łysogóry Region (northern region of the Holy Cross Mountains, central Poland). The dating is based on conodonts (Polygnathus timorensis Zone to the later part of the Polygnathus varcus/Polygnathus rhenanus Zone; early Polygnathus ansatus Zone cannot be excluded) and spores (Ex1–2 subzones) and, coupled with cartographic analysis and geophysical investigation, allows correlation within the strongly faulted succession. Significant lateral facies variations within the carbonate ramp depositional system in comparison with the better studied Grzegorzowice–Skały section, about 3 km distant, are documented, thanks to conodont-based correlation of both successions. Foraminifers, fungi, sponges, rugose and tabulate corals, medusozoans, microconchids and cornulitids, polychaetes (scolecodonts), molluscs (bivalves, rostroconchs, and gastropods), arthropods (trilobites and ostracods), bryozoans, hederelloids, ascodictyids, brachiopods, echinoderms (mostly crinoids, rare echinoids, holuthurians, and ophiocistoids), conodonts, fish, plants (prasinophytes, chlorophycophytes, and land plant spores), and acritarchs are present. Brachiopods are the most diverse phylum present (68 species), other richly represented groups are bryozoans and echinoderms; in contrast, cephalopods and trilobites are low in diversity and abundance. The muddy, middle to outer ramp biota (200 marine taxa, including 170 species of marine animals, 22 photoautotrophs, 6 forams) represents a mixture of allochthonous shallower-water communities (upper BA3), including storm- and possibly tsunami-affected coral mounds, and autochthonous deep-water soft-bottom brachiopod (e.g., Bifida–Echinocoelia) communities (BA 4–5). The richness and diversity of the Miłoszów biota is relatively high, comparable with other approximately coeval pre-Taghanic ecosystems during the Devonian climatic deterioration (cooling). Preliminary data indicate that in the Holy Cross Mountains, no large-scale replacement of brachiopod (and probably many other benthic ones, like crinoids) communities took place between the Early–Middle Givetian and the Early Frasnian, in contrast to the demise of the Hamilton/Upper Tully fauna in the Appalachian Basin. Such a similarity of pre- and post-Taghanic faunas does not exclude the occurrence of environmental perturbations and transient community turnovers, caused by immigrations during the Taghanic Biocrisis, but evidences the successful recovery of the indigenous biota.