In this work the influence of the cavity parameters on optical losses of a simple intensitybased in-line refractive index sensor utilizing a micromachined side-hole fibre was studied by means of numerical simulations. To perform these simulations, the Authors used the finite-difference time-domain method. The proposed sensor setup consists of light source, micromachined optical fibre as a sensor head, and a detector which makes it low-cost and easy to build. The changes of the external refractive index can be, therefore, recovered by direct measurements of the transmitted intensity from which insertion loss values can be calculated. By changing geometry of the cavity micromachined into the side-hole optical fibre, it was possible to determine its influence on the final sensor sensitivity and measurements range. Based on the provided analysis of simulations results, a simple fibre optic sensor can be fabricated mainly for sensing external liquids refractive index for application in biochemistry or healthcare.
Rotational seismology is one of the fastest developing fields of science nowadays with strongly recognized significance. Capability of monitoring rotational ground motions represents a crucial aspect of improving civil safety and efficiency of seismological data gathering. The correct sensing network selection is very important for reliable data acquisition. This paper presents initial data obtained during the international research study which has involved more than 40 various rotational sensors collected in one place. The key novelty of this experiment was the possibility to compare data gathered by completely different rotational sensors during artificially generated ground vibrations. Authors collected data by four interferometric optical fiber sensors, Fiber-Optic System for Rotational Events & Phenomena Monitoring (FOSREM), which are mobile rotational seismographs with a wide measuring range from 10⁻⁷ rad/s up to even few rad/s, sensitive only to the rotational component of the ground movement. Presented experimental results show that FOSREMs are competitive in rotational events recording compared with the state-of-the-art rotational sensors but their operation still should be improved.
Preliminary results of laboratory and field tests of fibre optic rotational seismographs designed for rotational seismology are presented. In order to meet new directions of the research in this field, there is clearly a great need for suitable and extremely sensitive wideband sensors. The presented rotational seismographs based on the fibre optic gyroscopes show significant advantages over other sensor technologies when used in the seismological applications. Although the presented results are prepared for systems designed to record strong events expected by the so-called “engineering seismology”, the described system modification shows that it is possible to construct a device suitable for weak events monitoring expected by basic seismological research. The presented sensors are characterized, first and foremost, by a wide measuring range. They detect signals with amplitudes ranging from several dozen nrad/s up to even few rad/s and frequencies from 0.01 Hz to 100 Hz. The performed Allan variance analysis indicates the sensors main parameters: angle random walk in the range of 3 ⋅ 10−8–2 ⋅ 10−7 rad/s and bias instability in the range of 2 ⋅ 10−9–2 ⋅ 10−8 rad/s depending on the device. The results concerning the registration of rotational seismic events by the systems located in Książ Castle, Poland, as well as in the coalmine “Ignacy” in Rybnik, Poland were also presented and analysed.
Zapewnienie wszystkim ludziom dostępu do wody i urządzeń sanitarnych jest wciąż aktualnym wyzwaniem agendy wodnej Organizacji Narodów Zjednoczonych. Pomimo wysiłków podejmowanych przez państwowe i międzynarodowe instytucje zarządzające zasobami wodnymi, w regionach świata zagrożonych ubóstwem sytuacja niewiele się zmienia. Kampania Światowego Dnia Wody 2021 skierowana jest zarówno do indywidualnych użytkowników wód, jak też do instytucji odpowiedzialnych za gospodarkę wodną. Każdy z nas musi wziąć na siebie odpowiedzialność przeciwdziałania kryzysowi wodnemu i sanitarnemu i odpowiedzieć na pytanie: "Co woda oznacza dla mnie?". Polsce nie grozi skrajny brak dostępu do wody i urządzeń sanitarnych, jednakże zapewnienie dyspozycyjnych zasobów wodnych dla zaspokojenia potrzeb społeczeństwa, środowiska i gospodarki przy zachowaniu opłacalności ekonomicznej to niezmiennie trudne i odpowiedzialne zadania ministra właściwego do spraw gospodarki wodnej.
EN
The UN water agenda challenge of ensuring the availability of water and sanitation for all still needs to be addressed. Despite the efforts of national and international institutions charged with water resources management, the situation in regions threatened with poverty has not significantly changed. The World Water Day 2021 campaign is addressed both to individual water users and water management institutions. Each and every one of us needs to take up responsibility for counteracting water and sanitation crisis and answer the question: 'What does water mean to me?'. Poland is not threatened by extreme lack of access to water and sanitation; however, ensuring available water resources to satisfy the needs of the society, environment and economy while preserving economic viability is a particularly difficult and responsible task of the minister in charge for water management.
Monitorowanie parametrów wody basenowej jest istotne z uwagi na zdrowie osób korzystających z basenu jak i pracowników obsługi. Jakość wody w basenach powinna być porównywalna do jakości wody pitnej. Korelacja pomiędzy parametrami norm mikrobiologicznych i fizykochemicznych umożliwia poprawę higienicznych warunków wody w kąpieliskach. Bezpieczeństwo i wygoda użytkowników basenów kąpielowych to główny cel technologii oczyszczania wody basenowej. Wysokie wymagania w zakresie jakości wody basenowej są powodem poszukiwania nowych rozwiązań i technologii jej oczyszczania oraz udoskonalania rozwiązań już istniejących. Podstawą dobrze pracujących systemów oczyszczania wody basenowej jest efektywna filtracja i dezynfekcja.
EN
Monitoring the parameters of pool water is important due to the health of pool users and workers. The quality of water in pools should be comparable to the quality of drinking water. Correlation between parameters of microbiological and physicochemical norms makes the improvement of hygienic environment in pools possible. The safety and convenience of pool users are the main things pool water cleaning technology aims to achieve. High requirements in terms of pool water quality are the cause for developing new solutions and technologies for it’s purifying and further upgrading those currently in use. The basis of correctly working purifying systems is effective filtration and disinfection.
Consumption of energy is one of the important indicators in developing countries, but a lot of companies from the energy sector have to cope with three key challenges, namely how to reduce their impact on the environment, how to ensure the low cost of the energy production and how to improve the system overall performance? For Polish energy market, the number of challenges is greater. The growing demand for electricity and contemporary development of nuclear power technology allow today’s design, implement new solutions for high energy conversion system low unit cost for energy and fuel production. In the present paper, numerical analysis of modular high-temperature nuclear reactor coupled with the steam cycle for electricity production has been presented. The analysed system consists of three independent cycles. The first two are high-temperature nuclear reactor cycles which are equipped with two high-temperature nuclear reactors, heat exchangers, blowers, steam generators. The third cycle is a Rankine cycle which is equipped with up to four steam turbines, that operate in the heat recovery system. The analysis of such a system shows that is possible to achieve significantly greater efficiency than offered by traditional nuclear reactor technology.
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