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Antimony electrodes for pH measurements in special applications

Vonau W., Herrmann S., Gerlach F.

Chemia Analityczna

2009

Vol. 54, No. 6

1169-1179

There are applications in pH measurement where it is impossible to use glass electrodes for various reasons. Here the usage of Sb-based electrodes, as compact electrodes as well as planar electrodes based on thin electrochemically deposited antimony films could be a possible alternative. For both types of sensors improved manufacturing methods and relevant applications are described.

W niektórych sytuacjach jest niemożliwe użycie elektrody szklanej do pomiaru pH. Wówczas można sięgnąć do elektrod opartych na litym antymonie lub innym materiale pokrytym cienką warstwą antymonu. W pracy przedstawiono ulepszone metody wytwarzania obu typów elektrod i przykłady ich zastosowania.

Mineralization and Uptake of TNT by Microorganisms: Effect of Pretreatment with Alkali

Herrmann S., Popović M. K., Paca J., Halecky M., Bajpai R. K.

Central European Journal of Energetic Materials

2007

Vol. 4, nr 4

45-58

Four bacterial strains capable of growing on nitrotoluenes were incubated in basal salt medium containing either 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) or its alkali hydrolysate (starting pH 12; duration 24 h) as carbon sources. The bacterial strains were identified as Burkholderia cepacia SH-1, Pseudomonas aeruginosa SH-2, Pseudomonas putida MC-I, and Pseudomonas sp. X. Burkholderia cepacia SH-1 was able to grow in medium containing TNT as the sole carbon source and it transformed approximately 80% TNT into metabolic products within six days. Addition of glucose or succinate improved both the growth of cells and TNT uptake. When supplemented with glucose, the Pseudomonas strains achieved significantly higher medium optical density as well as TNT transformation. The Pseudomonas aeruginosa SH-2 cells were most active in transforming TNT. Optical densities of all the cultures were higher after incubation with TNT-hydrolysate when compared to TNT only. In experiments with uniformly labeled 14C-TNT and Burkholderia cepacia SH-1, the distribution of radioactivity was 0.15% in CO2 produced, 4.88% in cell mass, 71.9% in solution, and 23% unaccounted. The same distribution when strain SH-1 was incubated in alkali hydrolysate of TNT, was 0.44% 14CO2, 6.9% in cell mass, 22.5% in aqueous solution, and 70% unaccounted for.