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Investigation of groundwater potential zones in hard rock terrains along EGMB, India, using remote sensing, geoelectrical and hydrological parameters

Rao Palavai Venkateswara, Subrahmanyam Mangalampalli, Raju Bakuru Anand Gajapathi

Acta Geophysica

2023

Vol. 71, no. 4

1867--1883

The research region is located in hard rock terrains of the Eastern Ghats mobile belt in East Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh state, India, and it occupies an area of 2645.3 sqkm. The rocks of this region are complex granite gneiss and khondalites. The people living this region are facing sever water problem. The objective of this research is to investigate the location of groundwater potential zones (GWPZs) as the region is hard rock terrain, and weathering or fracturing of rocks is the only source of groundwater. Electrical resistivity values alone may not be sufficient for locating the GWPZ. Therefore, in order to locate GWPZ of the study area precisely, remote sensing and Dar-Zarrouk parameters are more useful. From the analysis of remote sensing imageries, surface geomorphological features and lineaments have been identified. These features control the storage and movement of groundwater in complex hard rock terrains. Dar-Zarrouk characteristics have been used to explore hydrodynamic parameters (hydraulic conductivity and transmissivity), which determine the aquifer potentiality of an area. Based on the values of transmissivity together with lithologic data, the study area has been divided into four categories of groundwater potential as high, moderate, low, and negligible. In most of the study area, the availability of groundwater is moderate (Transmissivity—50–500 m2/day). At a few locations (about 46) of the hard rock region, the transmissivity is high (> 500 m2/day). However, almost all the locations surveyed in sedimentary formations are found to be good potential of groundwater.