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Imaging of the lenses of the human eye by ultrabiomicroscopy (UBM), ultrasonography (USG) and by anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS OCT): - presentation of clinical cases

Porwik E., Ciszewski M., Mrukwa-Kominek E., Smużyńska M., Formińska-Kapuścik M.

Journal of Medical Informatics & Technologies

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2012

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Vol. 19

49--57

EN

The nervous system's ability to receive light stimuli and its' processing in the brain in order to produce a visual impression is the definition of the sense of sight. The anatomical form of the sense organ of vision is comprised of the eyeball, the eye's protective apparatus, the eye's movement apparatus and the retinal nerve connections made to structures in the brain. The shape of the eye's lens, which gives the eye its refraction ability, depends on the voltage present in Zinn's ligaments that regulate the ciliary muscle. Sharpness of vision is produced by changing the shape of the lens, a reflexive adjustment. A domed lens causes stronger light inflexion and allows a sharp visual appearance of close objects. A flattening of the lens results in less light refraction and the seeing of more distant objects. The lens consists of a capsule, a cortex and a nucleus and it has two convex surfaces: the front and the rear. If we imagine the lens as a plum fruit, the capsule is its skin, the cortex is its flesh and the nucleus is its stone. Proper functioning of the lens is essential for accurate vision. Exact assessments of the eye's lens and the ability to monitor the status of associated diseases are extremely important. The lens may be tested using a slit lamp, but in any situation where an eye disease prevents this assessment of the lens this examination will obviously be inadequate. Thanks to today's imaging techniques, we can now assess the anatomical arrangement and condition of the lens, even in the eyes of those patients for whom the use of an imaging lens slit lamp is not possible [1, 2].

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Thyroid hormone and thyreotropin (TSH) association with densitometric parameters in children

Porwik E., Matusik P., Drzyzdzyk K.

Journal of Medical Informatics & Technologies

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2009

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Vol. 13

141--144

EN

The influence of TSH on bones is still vastly unknown and the information that is known is considered controversial. This important relationship has not been studied in detail. The aim of our research was to assess the correlation between TSH, thyroid hormone and bone mineral density in children measured by DXA scanning. Our study group included 36 children (16 girls and 20 boys) mean age 12.9 š 3.3 years. Basic anthropometrical measurements were performed (height, weight, body mass index-BMI), in all subjects. Blood was collected and measured for TSH and FT4. Bone mineral density of lumbar spine (L2-L4 BMD) and total body (Total Body BMD) were measured by DXA and expressed as bone mineral content (BMC [g]) and bone mineral density (BMD [g/cm2]). BMD Z-Score was also calculated. Correlation between the parameters obtained by DXA and anthropometrical data, TSH and thyroid hormone concentration were calculated. A statistically significant positive correlation was observed between height, weight and BMI and BMD which was calculated. Weight and BMI also had a statically significant correlation with Z-Score and total bone mineral content (BMC – expressed in grams). There was a statistically significant positive correlation between TSH level and Z-Score for both L2-L4 lumbar spine and for total body. TSH did not correlate significantly with BMD [g/cm2] and BMC [g]. FT4 was negatively and significantly correlated with Z-Score for both L2-L4 lumbar spine and for total body. There was also no significant correlation between FT4 and BMD [g/cm2] and BMC [g]. Conclusion: 1. Thyroid stimulating-hormone (TSH) appears to be associated with maintenance of bone mineral density in children. 2. BMD Z-Score especially from L2-L4 lumbar spine assessed by DXA scanning is correlated best with hormonal and biochemical factors potentially influencing bone mineralization in children.

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Supraventricular cardiac arrhythmias and sick sinus syndrome in patients with a univentricular heart after Fontan procedure follow-up study

Kozieł M., Porwik E., Wańha W.

Journal of Medical Informatics & Technologies

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2008

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Vol. 12

257--261

EN

This paper describes supraventricular cardiac arrhythmias and sick sinus syndrome in patients with univentricular heart defects, following Fontan procedure. The Fontan operation is a well established surgical procedure in which the right atrium is connected with the pulmonary artery. This technique relieves the functional problems resulting from having a univentricular heart and it is also associated with a lot of complications. Results from 29 patients were included in our study for analysis. All patients with single ventricle were diagnosed and hospitalized in the Department of Paediatric Cardiology in Katowice during 1994-2008. Supraventricular cardiac arrhyhtmias and sick sinus syndrome were common complications in children who went through Fontan procedure. All the stages of treatment with the Fontan procedure are palliative in their character and their main advantage is the improvement in the quality and length of life.

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Three dimensional image projections and its measurement using the VRML technique

Wróbel K., Porwik E., Porwik P.

Journal of Medical Informatics & Technologies

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2007

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Vol. 11

123--133

EN

Modern digital imaging is used in many areas of human activities. Nowadays, imaging and different human body measurements are also used in medicine, during operation planning by surgeons, dental surgeons, in transplantology, etc. The 3D visualization of human body and some abnormalities of body internal organs can be observed by means of specialized techniques as CT or MRI. During measurements these techniques can present object description by specialized language - VRML (Virtual Reality Modelling Language). Modern VRML browsers offer higher quality visual interfaces for man-computer interaction in real-time environment than ever before. In this paper the simple method of medical images projection and image measurements are presented. Very expensive commercial products can be successfully substituted by means of the computer program proposed in this paper. Proposed approach is based only on VRML and is easy to implement in many programming languages.

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The use of Computed Tomography in the diagnosis of neoplasia in patients suspected of connective tissue disorders

Porwik E., Kozieł M., Wańha W.

Journal of Medical Informatics & Technologies

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2007

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Vol. 11

323--328

EN

In this paper the usefulness of Computed Tomography (CT) in earlier diagnosis of cancers is presented. Computed Tomography can be utilized as a valuable tool in the diagnosis of malignant tumors, monitoring of therapy and during follow-up or remission phase. The images provided by CT scans depict precise location of the tumor damaged tissues and/or organs. In investigations results of 29 patients examinations were analysed. All patients were diagnosed with malignancy tumors and hospitalised in Klinika Chorób Wewnętrznych i Reumatologii (The Clinic of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology) in Katowice during 2003 - 2006. Earlier examination by using CT allows to diagnose some type of cancers. Such examination is unfortunately expensive. For patients with paraneoplastic syndromes CT examination is especially recommended. For these type of patients effectiveness of proposed in this paper method is more than 80%. These results are very promising.