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1

Influence of technological conditions on optical properties and morphology of spin-coated PPI thin films

Chwastek M., Weszka J., Jurusik J., Hajduk B., Jarka P.

Archives of Materials Science and Engineering

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2011

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Vol. 48, nr 2

69-76

EN

The aim of this paper is to show technical and chemical parameters influence on optical properties and morphology of poly (1,4-phenylenemethylenenitrilo- 1,4-phenylenenitrilomethylene) (PPI) thin films prepared by spin-coating method

2

Tailoring electronic structure of polyazomethines thin films

Wieszka J., Hajduk B., Domański M., Chwastek M., Jurusik J., Jarząbek B., Bednarski H., Jarka P.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2010

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Vol. 42, nr 1-2

180-187

EN

Purpose: The aim of this work is to show how electronic properties of polyazomethine thin films deposited by chemical vapor deposition method (CVD) can be tailored by manipulating technological parameters of pristine films preparation as well as modifying them while the as-prepared films put into iodine atmosphere. Design/methodology/approach: The recent achievements in the field of designing and preparation methods to be used while preparing polymer photovoltaic solar cells or optoelectronic devices. Findings: The method used allow for pure pristine polymer thin films to be prtepared without any unintentional doping taking place during prepoaration methods. This is a method based on polycondensation process, where polymer chain developing is running directly due to chemical reaction between molecules of bifunctional monomers. The method applied to prepare thin films of polyazomethines takes advantage of monomer transporting by mreans of neutral transport agent as pure argon is. Research limitations/implications: The main disadvantage of alternately conjugated polymers seems to be quite low mobility of charge carrier that is expected to be a consequence of their backbone being built up of sp2 hybridized carbon and nitrogen atoms. Varying technological conditions towards increasing reagents mass transport to the substrate is expected to give such polyazomethine thin films organization that phenylene rin stacking can result in special đ electron systems rather than linear ones as it is the case. Originality/value: Our results supply with original possibilities which can be useful in ooking for good polymer materials for optoelectronic and photovoltaic applications. These results have been gained on polyazomethine thin films but their being isoelectronic counterpart to widely used poly p-phenylene vinylene may be very convenient to develop high efficiency polymer solar cells.

3

Comparing of optical properties and morphology of polyoxadiazoles with CF3 groups

Hajduk B., Jarka P., Weszka J., Bruma M., Jurusik J., Chwastek M., Mańskowski D.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2010

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Vol. 40, nr 1

7-14

EN

Purpose: The aim of this paper is to compare optical properties of 4-(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2(-4(-3(4-(5-(4-m-tolyoxy)phenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)phenoxy)phenylcarbomyl)phenyl)propan2-yl)-N-methylbenzamide (Oxad 6F-D) and 4-(1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2(-4-(4-(4-(5-(4-(p-tolyoxy)phenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)phenoxycarbaomyl)phenyl)propan-2-yl)-N-methylbenzamide (Oxad 6F-E). Design/methodology/approach: The Oxad 6F polymer thin films were deposited onto glass and KBr substrates by spin–coating method under different technological conditions. Findings: The spinning rate V and solution concentration C influenced optical properties of Oxad 6F-D and Oxad 6F-E thin films. The goal of this paper is to show differences in properties of these polymers. Research limitations/implications: The electrical and luminescent properties of Oxad 6F polymers will be carried out in the nearest time. The different properties of these polymers are caused by benzene position in the polymer chain, two aromatic rings are in meta-position in Oxad 6F-D and all benzene rings are in para-positions in Oxad 6F-E. Practical implications: Thin films of Oxad 6F-D and Oxad 6F-E are good potential material for applications in polymer optoelectronic devices. Originality/value: The aim of this paper is to describe the optical properties of Oxad 6F polymers prepared under different technological conditions.

4

Studying of polyoxadiazole with Si atom in the backbone

Hajduk B., Jarka P., Weszka J., Bruma M., Jurusik J., Chwastek M., Mańkowski D.

Archives of Materials Science and Engineering

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2010

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Vol. 42, nr 2

77-84

EN

Purpose: The aim of this paper is to show properties of spin-coated thin films of new polymer having silicon atom in the backbone. This amorphous polymer has appeared to be applied as active films in organic devices (as OLED). Design/methodology/approach: Thin films of 4-(diphenyl(4-(4-(5-(p-tolyoxy)phenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)phenyloamino)methyl)-phenyl)silyl)-1-methylbenzamide (Oxad–Si-B) were obtained by spin-coating method. The methodology of preparing was changing of technological parameters such as solution concentration and spinning rate V. The films were deposited with five spinning rates. Findings: Such technological parameters as spinning rate and solution concentration has appeared to influence optical properties of thin films. These parameters were found to influence surface morphology and UV-Vis absorption spectra of thin films. Research limitations/implications: The optical properties of obtained films will allow further researches of this polymer. Its optical properties allow carrying of electrical measurements, which will be carried out in the nearest time. Practical implications: The value of Oxad-Si (B) energy gap suggests its luminescent properties and applications of this material as active film in optoelectronic devices. Originality/value: The goal of this paper is to show optical properties of thin films prepared with most optimal technology conditions.

5

50 lat Koła SITPH Grupy Kety.

Chwastek M.

Rudy i Metale Nieżelazne

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2003

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R. 48, nr 9

429-430

6

Wpływ wielkości produkcji rolniczej na zużycie nośników energii

Kowalski J., Chwastek M.

Inżynieria Rolnicza

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2003

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R. 7, nr 10

197--205

PL

Opracowanie jest analizą wielkości i struktury ponoszonych nakładów nośników energii w zależności od wielkości produkcji globalnej gospodarstwa. Średni koszt nośników energii w badanych gospodarstwach to [861 zł/ha UR].W nakładach uwzględniono takie nośniki energii jak: olej napędowy, etylina, energia elektryczna, gaz i paliwa stałe. Analizie poddano również zależność statystyczną zużycia oleju napędowego od wielkości roślinnej produkcji globalnej (współczynnik korelacji 0,77). Wielkości zawarte w opracowaniu podane są w jednostkach pieniężnych. W pracy wykazano także możliwości zmniejszenia zużycia nakładów nośników energii.

EN

The report is an analysis of the volume and structure of energy carriers consumption depending upon the farm's global production size. The average cost of energy carriers in tested farms is 86 PLN/ha of AL. The expenditure includes such energy carriers as diesel fuel, petrol, electric power, gas, solid fuels. The analysis was also performed over the statistic relationship between the diesel fuel consumption and the volume of plant global production (correlation ratio 0.77). The data included in the report are provided with monetary units. The work presents also options of reducing energy carrier consumption.

7

Energochłonność wiejskich budynków mieszkalnych na terenie gminy Słomniki

Chwastek M.

Inżynieria Rolnicza

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2002

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R. 6, nr 6

353--360

PL

Budynki mieszkalne na terenie gminy Słomniki zużywają na ogrzewanie w standardowym sezonie grzewczym średnio 96,2 kWh/m3 rok, czyli o 2,7-raza więcej niż powinny zgodnie z wymogami prawnymi. Pod względem zapotrzebowania na energię do ogrzewania wśród budynków występuje wielka polaryzacja. Budynek najsłabiej ocieplony zużywa 27-krotnie więcej energii niż budynek o najlepszych właściwościach ciepłochronnych (E =12,2 kWh/m3 rok). W większości przebadanych obiektów najsłabsze właściwości ciepłochronne wykazywały stropy nad ostatnim ogrzewanym pomieszczeniem. W przypadku dostosowania budynków do aktualnie wymaganej ciepłochronności, oszczędności mogłyby osiągnąć ok. 57% energii dotychczas zużywanej (średnio 4,7 tony węgla kamiennego na budynek).

EN

Dwelling houses on the area of Słomniki commune spend for heating - during a standard heating season - on an average 96.2 kWh/m3 year, what is 2.7 times more than they should according to legal regulations. In respect of energy requirement for heating, a strong polarization may be observed among particular houses. The building of poorest thermal insulation consumes 27-times more energy than the building of best heat insulation characteristics (E =12.2 kWh/m3 year). In majority of surveyed objects the poorest thermal insulation properties showed the ceilings above the last heated compartment. In the case of adaptation to actually required heat insulation, the energy savings in dwelling houses could reach as much as 57% energy spent unil how (4.7 ton hard coal per building, on an average).