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New Material Nanocomposite Thermoplastic Elastomer with Low Cost Hybrid Filler Oil Palm Boiler Ash/Carbon Black

Frida Erna, Bukit Nurdin, Sinuhaji Perdinan, Bukit Ferry Rahmat Astianta, Bukit Bunga Fisikanta

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 2

302--308

EN

This study aimed to prepare thermoplastic elastomeric nanocomposites with Low-Cost Hybrid Filler Oil Palm Boiler Ash/Carbon Black as New Material. Hybrid filler composites promise to overcome the limitations of composites. The effects offered by the matrix and filler are responsible for improving the properties of the composite. The preparation of thermoplastic elastomer was carried out in two stages. The first stage involves mixing a rubber compound with filler. The second stage is blending the compound, HDPE, and PE-g-MA using an Internal Mixer. The results show that the peak intensity increased along with the amount of OPBA in TPE. The increase in peak intensity was caused by the rise in the number of crystalline phases in the nanocomposite. In general, the absorption bands are almost the same. The samples analyzed showed absorption band vibrations (Si-O-Si), in-plane strain vibrations (Si-OH), and symmetric strain vibrations (Si-O-Si), C―H deformation, –CH symmetrical stretching of the CH2 group appeared on each sample that FTIR has analyzed. Thermoplastics show good interaction between filler and matrix, so it can be assumed that these interactions can improve the mechanical properties of TPE. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) shows an increase in the number of peaks in the sample with 60/40 phr filler.

2

Carboxymethyl Cellulose Nanoadsorbent for Remediation of Polluted Water

Khairiah Khairiah, Frida Erna, Sebayang Kerista, Sinuhaji Perdinan, Humaidi Syahrul, Ridwanto, Fudholi Ahmad, Marwoto Putut

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 1

336--348

EN

The development of nanoadsorbents for remediation of polluted water in order to obtain clean and healthy water quality has been carried out, namely the incorporation of chitosan, magnetic, and activated carbon materials. The activated carbon used is the result of the synthesis of banana peel waste nanocrystals, while the magnetic is Fe3O4. The method used in this study is an experimental method with coprecipitation through several stages, namely (1) magnetic synthesis of Fe3O4 by thecoprecipitation method, (2) preparation of chitosan solution, (3) synthesis of activated carbon nanocrystals from banana peel waste by the milling process, (4) merger of the three materials, and (5) characterization with SEM/EDX, XRD, FTIR, BET, PSA, TGA, and AAS to test the performance of the material against polluted water. The study found that 210 minutes was the optimal time for the heavy metal ions Fe, Mn, Zn, and Pb to adsorption.The best sample was sample S4 with a ratio of 1:2:2 with adsorption for Zn 92.43%, Fe 95.44%, Mn 89.54%, and Pb 84.38%. For the heavy metal ions: Mn 5624 mg/g, Fe 5849.4 mg/g, Zn 4894.22 mg/g, and Pb 468.2 mg/g, the Langmuir model was used. The adsorption kinetics showed that the reaction order for Pb, Mn, Zn, and Fe ions varied with pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order. Carboxymethyl cellulose nanoadsorbents are effective in remediating the water contaminated with heavy metals, such as Pb, Mn, Zn, and Fe, meeting the environmental health quality standards for water media for sanitation hygiene purposes.

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Optimization of Palm Oil Boiler Ash Biomass Waste as a Source of Silica with Various Preparation Methods

Bukit Bunga Fisikanta, Frida Erna, Humaidi Syahrul, Sinuhaji Perdinan, Bukit Nurdin

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 8

193--199

EN

Several studies have synthesized silica from waste. The silica synthesis method from agricultural waste aims to produce high purity silica with low contaminants at an affordable cost. This study synthesized silica from oil palm boiler ash (OPBA) by means of various methods, such as ball milling, coprecipitation, and modification with methyl trichlorosilane (MTCS). XRD characterization results showed that the OPBA synthesized with ballmill and coprecipitation method has the smallest particle size of 14.90 nm. Morphology showed the OPBA obtained by using the ballmill method, the OPBA synthesized with ballmill and coprecipitation method, as well as the OPBA synthesized with ballmill, coprecipitation, and modified with methyl trichlorosilane as spherical particles. At the same time, the FTIR results show an absorption peak which is a characteristic of silica confirmed by the XRF results, where silica content is dominant.