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Multigenerational and Transgenerational Side-Effects of an Insecticide on Eggs of Folsomia candida (Collembola)

Szabó B., Bakonyi G.

Polish Journal of Ecology

2017

Vol. 65, nr 1

110--121

Environmental toxicants such as insecticides are able to provoke epigenetic alterations which can be inherited to future generations. The aim of the current study was to assess whether the insecticide Trebon 10F (containing the active ingredient etofenprox) causes multigenerational and/or transgenerational effects on the egg traits of the collembolan Folsomia candida. The parent generation was kept in soil treated with three concentrations of the insecticide. The hatched offspring from each treatment were divided into two groups and were treated in the same manner as their parents (multigenerational effect), or remained untreated (transgenerational effect). The parents reacted with smaller eggs to the insecticide in a concentration dependent manner. Both multigenerational and transgenerational effects were detected in the offspring generations. While neither the number of eggs nor the ratios of the egg diameters (shortest/longest diameter) changed, the egg size increased as the Trebon 10F concentration increased. This is an indication that parents living under insecticide stress transmit this information to their offspring, who react with higher quality egg production. Such alterations in egg traits may have important consequences on the F. candida population dynamic.

Comparison of different vehicles driyen by alternative fuels and hybrid driveline focusing on emission, efficiency and economy

Pezsa N., Szabó B., Trencseni B.

Journal of KONES

2009

Vol. 16, No. 3

301-309

Air pollution is becoming an important issue in big towns, inparticular in city centres, where the density of traffic is high. Both, passenger cars and commercial vehicles are responsible for air quality. In the last decades more and more transportation companies changed their conventional vehicles into any kind of alternative vehicles. The aim of this paper is to investigate the economic and environmental effects of introducing alternative fuels and power trains in cargo vans. All of the simulated vehicles were equipped with internal combustion engines, but they are operating with different fuels. Gasoline, methane, ethanol and hydrogen fuels are used in these engine models. Conventional and hybrid powertrains are compared too. Only the gasoline fuelled engine is simulated with hybrid driveline besides the conventional ones. Both micro- and full-hybrid vehicles are modelled. Instead of dynamical analysis we focused on efficiency and emission therefore tests drive cycles were simulated. There were cycles defined by standards, like NEDC drive cycle. An individual cycle was recorded on a given route at different times of the day; the vehicle was driven along the planned path and the speed profile was recorded. As a result we could compare the different vehicles from the point of view of emission, fuel consumption and efficiency. In order to validate the simulation results laboratorial measurements were carried out. We also aimed at developing a business model capable ofanalysing the economical effects of alternative fuel and powertrain use. Generally it can be stated that the application of any alternative technology means additional costs (investment) at the beginning for the user. The investment is just worth the money if lower operational costs can be achieved. Achieved savings were calculated with our model and a sensitivity analysis was also performed.