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2 Journal of Ecological Engineering

2 2024

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Bioaccumulation and Ecological Risk Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination (Lead and Copper) Build Up in the Roots of Avicennia alba and Excoecaria agallocha

Khotimah Nadila Nur, Rozirwan Rozirwan, Putri Wike Ayu Eka, Fauziyah Fauziyah, Aryawati Riris, Isnaini Isnaini, Nugroho Redho Yoga

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2024

Vol. 25, nr 5

101--113

Mangrove roots play an important role in reducing heavy metal pollution in their surroundings. This study aimed to assess the bioaccumulation and ecological risk assessment of heavy metal pollution in mangrove roots. Mangrove root samples consisting of two species (Avicennia alba and Excoecaria agallocha) were collected from two observation stations in the mangrove ecosystem of Payung Island, Banyuasin District, South Sumatra, Indonesia. Heavy metal concentrations were measured by atomic absorption spectrometry. Then, statistical analysis was carried out by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Ecological risk assessment used the bioconcentration factor (BCF), geoaccumulation index (Igeo), contamination factor (Cf), and pollution load index (PLI). On the basis of the results, the highest sediment heavy metal concentration at station 2 was Pb amounted to 13.57±0.46 mg/kg, and Cu amounted to 11.08±0.38 mg/kg. In turn, the highest heavy metal concentration of mangrove roots in E. agallocha species for Pb amounted to 2.89±0.033 mg/kg and A. alba for Cu amounted to 10.57±0.38, BCF was classified as exclusion (BCF<1), except for the BCF of Cu station 1, which was classified as hyperaccumulator (BCF>1). Igeo shows that the level of pollution is not contaminated (Igeo<0), and Cf shows low pollution (Cf <1), except Cf Pb station 2 is classified as moderate pollution. Conversely, PLI is included in the category of not polluted (PLI<0). Mangrove roots play an important role in reducing heavy metal pollution in the surrounding area. Therefore, an in-depth understanding of heavy metal dynamics can be the basis for designing effective coastal environmental conservation strategies.

16S rRNA Gen Analysis of Plastic Destruction Bacteries, South Sumatra, Indonesia

Meiyerani Jeni, Melki Melki, Aryawati Riris, Rozirwan Rozirwan, Ningsih Ellis Nurjuliasti, Wulandari Tuah Nanda Merlia, Nugroho Redho Yoga

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2024

Vol. 25, nr 3

85--95

Rivers are the main route for plastic entering the ocean, including the Musi River Estuary. Characteristics of bacteria that are able to degrade plastic waste through polymerase enzymes. The aim of this research is to determine the ability of bacterial isolates to degrade plastic and identify the types of bacteria that degrade plastic waste. This study used plastic bottles, nylon nets, and snack wrappers as objects for degradation measurement. Identification analysis of the 16S rRNA gene using universal PCR primers for bacteria in the form of forward primer 63f (5’-CAG GCC TAA CAC ATG CAA GTC-3’) and reverse primer 1387r (5’-GGG CGG WGT GTA CAA GGC-3’). The type of bacteria with the highest percentage of degradation over 20 days, amounting to 7.75%, was Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. Identification of types of plastic degrading bacteria using 16S rRNA gene analysis showed 11 bacteria with 8 types including Staphylococcus hominis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter sp., Acinetobacter baumannii, Acinetobacter variabilis, Shewanella sp., Micrococcus luteus, and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. The percentage of plastic degradation by bacteria is relatively small, so it is best to look for times where there is potential for bacterial growth.