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1
Content available Pierwsza polska mobilna stacja tankowania wodoru
PL
W artykule przedstawiono pierwszą w Polsce mobilną stację tankowania wodoru, będącą propozycją rozwiązania problemu braku infrastruktury tankowania wodoru w Polsce. W oparciu o analizę stanu techniki i aktualnych potrzeb w zakresie rozwoju elektromobilności, podjęto próbę zbudowania innowacyjnej instalacji. Opisano koncepcję konstrukcji stacji, zasadę działania stacji, wyniki testów oraz osiągnięte parametry pracy. Przedstawiono proces tankowania wodoru i obsługi stacji.
EN
Charcoals from the Upper Triassic vertebrate-bearing clays of the Zawiercie area (Upper Silesia, S-Poland) were analyzed using petrographic methods, to reconstruct burning temperatures as well as taphonomic processes. SEM and reflected light microscopy show excellent preservation of charcoals most probable connected with early diagenetic permineralization by calcite. The charcoal was assigned to three morphotypes, probably corresponding to three different fossil taxa. Fusinite reflectance data suggest, that the highest temperature reached above 600 °C (fusinite reflectance of 3.59%), what counterparts to the lower limit crown fire temperature. The values for most of the samples are lower (ca. 1% to 2.5%) what is typical for surface fires. In many cases fusinite reflectance values depends on the measured zone within the sample. Such zonation formed due to charring tem- perature differences. In zones remote from the potential fire source, reflectance values gradually decreases. It implies that calculation of fire temperatures based on average fusinite reflectance values might be too far-reaching simplification. Occurrence of fungal hyphae within the charcoal supports the interpretation of a predomination of surface fire, consuming dead twigs and stems. The low content of micro-charcoals in charcoal-bearing rocks as well as rounded to sub-rounded shapes of large specimens indicates that they were transported after burning, deposited away from the burning area, and finally early diagenetic mineralization.
EN
For the first time, a quantitative analysis of the land-plant diversity during deposition of the Rotliegend (latest Pennsylvanian-Early Permian; Gzhelian - Sakmarian) of the Saar-Nahe basin (SW-Germany) and the Zechstein (Late Permian; Wuchiapingian) of the German Zechstein basin is given. A study of six taphofloras indicates that regionally not only the overall species richness declined, but also the diversity as represented by individual taphofloras. This decline occurred after the deposition of the Upper Rotliegend (Asselian-Sakmarian), leading to an extremely low species richness during the deposition of the Zechstein. Besides taphonomic differences between the indi- vidual localities considered here, possible reasons for the observed lower diversity include most probably a climatic deterioration/aridisation due to tectonic northwards movement of Pangaea. As compared to the Late Pennsylvanian and the Early Permian, this climatic deterioration together with a contemporaneous decrease in topographic relief due to erosion and collapse of the Variscan Orogen, may also be the main reason for a decrease in habitat diversity and finally the decrease in land-plant diversity. However, based on the data presented here it is difficult to judge whether the observed regional diversity decline at individual localities can be generalized for the entire Euramerican floral province. Nevertheless, it can be concluded from other sources, that there are large gaps in the palaeobotanical record of this region, which may lead to underestimation of the "true" land plant diversity during this period within the Euramerican floral province.
4
Content available Rapid prototyping of mechatronic systems
EN
The paper describes a mechatronic approach towards designing and implementation complex motion control system. Particular attention was paid to virtual and physical prototyping of the control system. Possible implementations were divided into two groups: single applications or mass production. Authors attempt to present a unified approach towards the development of the process of designing control systems of both types. The prototyping enviroment was build around MATLAB, Simulink and RTW software from The Math Works Inc. Verification of presented methodology was done using physical model of a flexible robot arm: a with flexible beam, DC motor drive and harmonic gear. Object is very difficult to control due to non-linear and non-stationary behaviour of harmonic gear.
PL
Szybkie prototypowanie w projektowaniu mechatronicznym. W pracy przedstawiono metodykę projektowania mechatronicznego ze szczególnym uwzlędnieniem procesu prototypowania. Przedstawione procedury umożliwiają skrócenie czasu powstawania produktu oraz integrację dziedzin wchodzących w skład mechatroniki. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na interdyscyplinarny charakter projektowania mechatronicznego oraz rolę budowy i badania prototypu w realizacji współczesnych produktów mechatronicznych. Przedstawiono system komputerowego wspomagania projektowania mechatronicznego. Jako przykład zastosowania opracowanych procedur wykonano układ sterowania elastycznym ramieniem robota.
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