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Study on selection and direct inversion method of brittleness index for shale reservoir

Qin Ziyu, Wen Xiaotao, Pan Shulin, Chen Jing-yi, Gou Qiyong

Acta Geophysica

2023

Vol. 71, no. 2

757--768

The brittleness index can be indirectly converted by elastic parameters which are obtain by pre-stack amplitude variation with offset inversion and extended to the whole work area. However, indirect conversion will bring cumulative errors. In order to improve the accuracy of obtaining the brittleness index, the exact Zoeppritz equation including different brittleness indices is derived. Before inversion, we analyzed the characteristics of the brittleness index under the changes of brittle minerals, porosity and organic matter content through rock physics model, and selected the brittleness index most suitable for the work area. Based on the Bayesian framework, we introduce the Limited-memory Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno (L-BFGS) method to invert theoretical and actual data. Theoretical data inversion results demonstrate this method can achieve good results in both PP- and PS-wave joint inversion as well as only PP-wave inversion. To further verify the effectiveness of the algorithm, the brittleness index of actual data is directly inverted by using the studied algorithm and process. The inversion results of the borehole-side trace are in good agreement with the brittleness index calculated by log data. Both theoretical and practical data prove the feasibility of our proposed method.

First-arrival automatic picking based on improved energy ratio method and outlier detection theory

Qin Ziyu, Pan Shulin, Hu Linhui, Cui Qinghui, Gou Qiyong

Acta Geophysica

2021

Vol. 69, no. 5

1667--1677

Based on the energy ratio method, an automatic picking method with strong noise resistance is proposed. It considers the influence of the current point’s position on the first-arrival characteristic value. Specifically, an outlier detection technique is proposed to eliminate abnormal first arrivals for low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) seismic data. First, the first arrivals of adjacent shots obtained by the new method are arranged according to the offsets. Then, combined with the distribution characteristics of the first arrivals, a symmetric window centered on the current point is established as the calculation range, and the distance-based outlier detection method is adopted for the abnormal first arrivals. The size of the calculation time window is determined by scanning the given value range. In order to optimize the processing results, we further propose an outlier detection method based on grid density. After this step, the abnormal first arrivals will be further eliminated. Following these steps, the abnormal first arrivals of all shots can be removed effectively. The actual data processing results show that the proposed program can accurately pick up the first arrivals and has a good performance in detecting the abnormal first arrivals.