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Study of dam sediment distribution using experimental area-reduction method Case study: Karun Dam

Yusuf Rakhmat, Komariah Aan, Kurniady Dedy Achmad, Mardiani Mardiani, Jumintono Jumintono, Falih Khaldoon T., Kabanov Oleg V., Aravindhan Surendar, Kadhim Mustafa Mohammed

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2022

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no. 54

116--120

EN

Dam construction is one of the measures that is inevitable in many cases and must be done to supply drinking water, agricultural uses and electricity generation. There are many challenges to a successful dam project, and the managers of each project must consider the appropriate solutions for them. One of the studies that is done in dam design is sedimentation in dam reservoirs. The experimental area-reduction method is a very common technique that obtains the sediment distribution in depth and longitudinal profile. This technique shows that sediment accumulation is not limited to the bottom reservoirs. Sediment accumulation in a reservoir is usually distributed below the top of the protection reservoir or normal water level. In this study, the distribution of sediment in the reservoir of Karun Dam after a period of 65 years has been done using the experimental area-reduction method. Elevation-volume and elevation-area curves of the dam reservoir are obtained after the useful life of the dam and sediment deposition. The results showed that after 65 years, 106.47·106 m3 of sediment is deposited in the reservoir of the dam and the useful volume of the reservoir is significantly reduced. Also, up to a height of 36.4 m, the dam reservoir is filled with sediment. Therefore, no valve should be placed up to this height.

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Plant secondary metabolites as defenses : a review

Jusuf Herlina, Elveny Marischa, Azizova Feruza, Shichiyakh Rustem A., Kulikov Dmitriy, Al-Taee Muataz M., Atiyah Karrar K., Jalil Abduladheem T., Aravindhan Surendar

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2022

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no. 55

206--211

EN

Plant secondary metabolites have a variety of functions, including mediating relationships between organisms, responding to environmental challenges, and protecting plants against infections, pests, and herbivores. In a similar way, through controlling plant metabolism, plant microbiomes take part in many of the aforementioned processes indirectly or directly. Researchers have discovered that plants may affect their microbiome by secreting a variety of metabolites, and that the microbiome could likewise affect the metabolome of the host plant. Pesticides are agrochemicals that are employed to safeguard humans and plants from numerous illnesses in urban green zones, public health initiatives, and agricultural fields. The careless use of chemical pesticides is destroying our ecology. As a result, it is necessary to investigate environmentally benign alternatives to pathogen management, such as plant-based metabolites. According to literature, plant metabolites have been shown to have the ability to battle plant pathogens. Phenolics, flavonoids, and alkaloids are a few of the secondary metabolites of plants that have been covered in this study.

3

Effects of global warming on insect behaviour in agriculture

Ahmed Alim Al Ayub, Zahar Marziah, Gribkova Vera, Nikolaeva Natalia, Dwijendra Ngakan Ketut Acwin, Suksatan Wanich, Atiyah Karrar Kamil, Jalil Abduladheem Turki, Aravindhan Surendar

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2022

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no. 54

150--153

EN

Global warming and climate change are some of the most widely discussed topics in today's society, and they are of considerable importance to agriculture globally. Climate change directly affects agricultural production. On the other hand, the agricultural sector is inherently sensitive to climate conditions, and this has made the agricultural sector one of the most vulnerable sectors to the effects of global climate change. Rising CO2 levels in the atmosphere, increased temperature, and altering precipitation patterns all substantially influence agricultural insect pests and agricultural productivity. Climate change has a number of implications for insect pests. They can lead to a decreased biological control effectiveness, particularly natural enemies, increased incidence of insect-transmitted plant diseases, increased risk of migratory pest invasion, altered interspecific interaction, altered synchrony between plants and pests, increase in the number of generations, increased overwintering survival, and increase in geographic distribution. As a consequence, agricultural economic losses are a real possibility, as is a threat to human food and nutrition security. Global warming will necessitate sustainable management techniques to cope with the altering state of pests, as it is a primary driver of pest population dynamics. Future studies on the impacts of climate change on agricultural insect pests might be prioritized in several ways. Enhanced integrated pest control strategies, the use of modelling prediction tools, and climate and pest population monitoring are only a few examples.

4

Comparison of lateral spillway and morning glory spillway performance in flood control

Sukerta I Made, Chen Tzu-Chia, Mardizal Jonni, Salih Salih Mahmood, Zulkarnain Isnaini, Islam Md Zahidul, Majeed Mohammed Sabeeh, Mahdi Ahmed Baseem, Mutlak Dhameer Ali, Aravindhan Surendar

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2022

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no. 53

187--191

EN

With the emergence of climate change and the increasing human intervention in the global climate, floods have affected different parts of the world. In practice, floods are the most terrible natural disaster in the world, both in terms of casualties and financial losses. To reduce the adverse effects of this phenomenon, it is necessary to use structural and non-structural methods of flood risk management. One of the structural methods of flood control is to allocate a certain part of reservoir dams to flood control. In order to safely exit the flood from the dam reservoir, the spillway structure should be used. One of the important issues in designing a spillway structure is reducing its construction costs. In order to safely exit the flood with a specified return period from the dam reservoir, as the length of the spillway decreases, the height of the water blade on the spillway increases. In other words, decreasing the spillway length increases the height of the dam and its construction and design costs. In this study, the design and comparison of the performance of two glory spillways and lateral spillways have been considered. The results showed that for a given length for the drain edge of both types of spillways, the height of the water blade on the glory spillway is always higher than the lateral spillway. For example, when a 10,000-year-old flood occurs, it is about 8 m.

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Fabrication of a high wear resistance AA7075/AL2O3 composites via liquid metallurgy process

Sivaraman R., Jalil Abduladheem Turki, Aravindhan Surendar, Nan Zhao, Vini M. Heydari, Daneshmand S.

International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 27, no. 4

205--210

EN

In the present study, AA7075/Al2O3 composites have been fabricated via liquid metallurgy process. AA7075 alloy and Al2O3 particles were taken as the base matrix and reinforcements, respectively. Then, contents of 3 and 6 wt. % of Al2O3 subdivisions were added into the AA7075 matrix. To improve wettability and distribution, reinforcement particles were pre-heated to a temperature of 550°C for each composite sample. A hardened EN32 steel disc as the counter face was used to evaluate the wear rate pin-on-disc. The results showed that the wear rate of the AA/Al2O3 composites was smaller than that of the monolithic AA7075 samples. Finally, the worn surfaces of samples were investigated by SEM.

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Optimizing the Multi-Level Location-Assignment Problem in Queue Networks Using a Multi-Objective Optimization Approach

Syah Rahmad, Elveny Marischa, Soerjati Enni, Guerrero John William Grimaldo, Jowad Rawya Read, Suksatan Wanich, Aravindhan Surendar, Voronkova Olga Yuryevna, Mavaluru Dinesh

Foundations of Computing and Decision Sciences

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2022

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Vol. 47, No. 2

177--192

EN

Using hubs in distribution networks is an efficient approach. In this paper, a model for the location-allocation problem is designed within the framework of the queuing network in which services have several levels, and customers must go through these levels to complete the service. The purpose of the model is to locate an appropriate number of facilities among potential locations and allocate customers. The model is presented as a multi-objective nonlinear mixed-integer programming model. The objective functions include the summation of the customer and the waiting time in the system and the waiting time in the system and minimizing the maximum possibility of unemployment in the facility. To solve the model, the technique of accurate solution of the epsilon constraint method is used for multi-objective optimization, and Pareto solutions of the problem will be calculated. Moreover, the sensitivity analysis of the problem is performed, and the results demonstrate sensitivity to customer demand rate. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that the proposed model is able to greatly summate the customer and the waiting time in the system and reduce the maximum probability of unemployment at several levels of all facilities. The model can also be further developed by choosing vehicles for each customer.

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Designing a Green Supply Chain Transportation System for an Automotive Company Based On Bi-Objective Optimization

Syah Rahmad, Nasution Mahyuddin M., Shol Vladimir Vladimirovich, Kireeva Natalia, Jalil Abduladheem Turki, Chen Tzu-Chia, Aravindhan Surendar, Abood Emad Salaam, Alkaim Ayad F.

Foundations of Computing and Decision Sciences

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2022

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Vol. 47, No. 2

193--207

EN

Recently, due to the increasing awareness of communities regarding environmental issues and environmental regulations, companies have evolved to provide products with lower prices and better quality to retain and attract customers. Economics should also pay attention to environmental goals. Therefore, it is essential to provide a supply chain model that can consider both economic and environmental objectives. In this paper, the green direct supply chain network is presented to an automotive company, including five suppliers, primary warehouses, manufacturing plants, distributors, and sales centers. The objectives of this model are to minimize the total cost of construction, transportation, and the amount of carbon dioxide emissions during forwarding network transportation at all levels. The proposed model is also drawn using the weight method, which is one of the methods for solving multi-objective problems, and the solution of the model part. Ultimately, it has been discussed how much the automobile company should focus on reducing carbon dioxide so that managers can determine the best solutions from the Pareto border according to their organization's priorities, which can be environmental or financial.

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Design a Multi Period Closed-Loop Supply Chain Program to Supply Recycled Products

Syah Rahmad, Chetthamrongchai Paitoon, Thuc Dao Chanh, Yuminarti Umi, Murtini Sri, Iswanto A. Heri, Vasilieva Nadezhda Konstantinovna, Kireeva Natalia, Aravindhan Surendar

Foundations of Computing and Decision Sciences

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2022

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Vol. 47, No. 2

163--176

EN

Over the course of the last decades, closed-loop supply chains (CLSC) and reverse logistics issues have attracted increasing attention owing to strict environmental laws, social responsibilities, economic interests, and customer awareness. Hence, the issue of closed-loop supply chain and reverse logistics has emerged as a field of research in the new era. This issue has received much attention because it allows recyclable products to return to their original cycle. Therefore, this study primarily intends to present a mathematical model for designing a supply chain network for recycled products. The multi-stage and multi-period objective function of the closed-loop supply chain is presented to meet that aim. In this chain, dismantling, recycling, and disposal centers are considered. The objective function is to reduce the total cost of the closed-loop supply chain. The results of optimizing the mathematical model demonstrate that this model has the necessary efficiency for use in recycled products.

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A Mathematical Model for the Vehicles Routing Problem with Multiple Depots, Considering the Possibility of Return Using the Tabu Search Algorithm

Ahmed Alim Al Ayub, Singhal Saurabh, Prakaash A. S., Dayupay Johnry, Rahadi Irwan, Marhoon Haydar Abdulameer, Iswanto A. Heri, Abbas Saja Fadhil, Aravindhan Surendar

Foundations of Computing and Decision Sciences

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2022

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Vol. 47, No. 4

359--370

EN

The current study examines an essential type of vehicle routing problem (VRP). This type is one where customers are served by limited-capacity vehicles from multiple depots and is known as Multi-Depot Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (MDCVRP). The novelty of this study is that in the present case, cars, after Leaving the Depot, can go back to any other depot. Those issues seem to occur in most real-world issues where information, messages, or news are sent electronically from somewhere. The purpose of the problem is to minimize the costs associated with routing. Regarding the literature on such issues, it has been proven in previous studies and research that these problems are among the hard-NP problems, and to solve them using the metaheuristic method, the exact methods justify it. After changing the basic model, this study developed a Tabu Search (TS) algorithm. The study results demonstrate that if the equipment can return to any depot, the cost is significantly reduced in contrast to the case where equipment is forced to return to their depot.