Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

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CO2-ECBM and CO2 sequestration in Polish coal seam – experimental study

Baran P., Zarębska K, Krzystolik P, Hadro J., Nunn A.

Journal of Sustainable Mining

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2014

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Vol. 13, iss. 2

22--29

EN

Purpose: Methane recovery is interesting not only because of its clean combustion; it is also beneficial for the environment because of the reduction of the amount of methane emitted into the atmosphere, which is important because of methane’s significant impact on the greenhouse effect. However, desorption of methane is a slow process, significantly dependent on the coalification of coal, its porosity and petrographic composition. Injection of carbon dioxide into the coal bed under sufficient pressure might be a factor in stimulating the efficiency of this process, as – because of preferential sorption – carbon dioxide displaces methane molecules previously absorbed in the coal matrix. Methods: The measurements were made for Polish low-rank coal used for the analysis of methane recovery from Polish coal mines. Coal samples were collected from sites used for geological, sorption and petrographic research, as well as for the assessment of the reservoir’s genetic origin CH4 content. Experimental studies of sorption were performed with the use of the volumetric method at a lower and higher gas pressure. Results: The methane isothermes show more than double the reduction of adsorption along with increasing temperature. The most sig-nificant changes of sorption capacity due to temperature variations can be seen when observing the difference in the course of the hysteresis of sorption/desorption of the gas as a function of temperature. In cases where there is a temperature of 323 K, a temperature hysteresis loop might indicate larger quantities of methane trapped in the porous structure of coal. In cases of carbon dioxide as sorbate, a similar shape of sorption isotherms occurred at both temperatures, while the temperature increase caused approximately double the reduction of sorption capacity. Also the isotherm’s shape is similar for both temperatures of measurement, indicating no effect of temperature on the amount of gas within the structure of the tested coal. High-pressure isotherms of CO2 and CH4 are confirmed in the literature, proving that carbon dioxide is the gas that allows the best penetration of the internal structure of bituminous coal. The critical temperature of CO2 (304.5 K) is so high, that sorption measurements can be performed at room temperatures (293, 298 K), where activated diffusion is relatively fast. Practical implications: Understanding the sorption of gases is the primary issue, related to the exploitation of coal seams, when explaining the mechanism of gas deposition in coal seams and its relationship with outbursts of rocks and gases in mines. Originality/ value: The results indicate successful sorption of carbon dioxide in each experiment. This provides the rationale to study the application of the coal tested to obtain methane genetic origin genetic methane with the use of the CO2 injection.

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Metan pokładów węgla: zasoby i eksploatacja

Hadro J., Wójcik I.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2013

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Vol. 61, nr 7

404--410

EN

Gas produced from coal can be subdivided into three categories: coalbed methane (CBM), coal mine methane (CMM) and abandoned mine methane (AMM). CBM is extracted from virgin coal using wells drilled from the surface. In recent years horizontal drilling is widely used as a primary CBM recovery technique. A pair of wells - a vertical production well intersected by a horizontal multilateral well - is considered the most effective in dewatering a coal reservoir and thus enables maximizing its productivity. Although CBM world resources are huge (100-216 bcm), only a few countries produce coalbed gas commercially. While the US is still the leader, Australia has the fastest CBM production growth. It has been observed that many mature CBM plays reveal highly variable productivity, possibly due to coal heterogeneity. Therefore, CBM reserves/resources should be estimated using probabilistic methods. In spite of its substantial CBM resource potential, Poland has produced only coal mine methane (CMM) whereas significant efforts of CBM exploration conducted in the 1990s failed to flow gas in commercial quantities due to low permeability. Dart Energy operates a CBM exploration license in the Upper Silesia and has recently finished testing the CBM production pilot using a surface-to-inseam horizontal well with vertical production well intersection. This state-of-the-art CBM completion technology has been used for the first time in Poland and, hopefully, will unlock the sizeable CBM resource of the Upper Silesian Coal Basin.

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Środowiskowe implikacje gazu łupkowego

Macuda J., Hadro J., Łukańko Ł.

Bezpieczeństwo Pracy i Ochrona Środowiska w Górnictwie

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2011

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nr 6

3-11

PL

Artykuł omawia wpływ eksploatacji gazu łupkowego na środowisko. Szczególną uwagę zwraca na szczelinowanie hydrauliczne, stwarzające największe zagrożenia dla środowiska gruntowo-wodnego. Zagrożenia te występują już na etapie prac przygotowawczych, w wyniku magazynowania środków chemicznych i wody, oraz w trakcie ich realizacji, w formie możliwości ich przedostania się do utworów wodonośnych. Negatywne oddziaływanie na środowisko może również wystąpić w trakcie utylizacji ciekłych odpadów wiertniczych (zużytej cieczy szczelinującej). Na podstawie analizy zalegania łupków w Polsce stwierdzono, że u nas praktycznie nie występuje zagrożenie degradacji wód podziemnych. Miąższe utwory o niskiej przepuszczalności w nadkładzie praktycznie eliminuje bowiem możliwość migracji cieczy szczelinujących do użytkowych poziomów wodonośnych. Zwrócono również uwagę, że większość dodatków chemicznych do cieczy szczelinujących jest powszechnie używana w gospodarstwach domowych oraz przemyśle. Podkreślono też konieczność zmniejszenia wielkości terenu zajmowanego pod wiertnie i drogi dojazdowe oraz ograniczenia emisji hałasu do środowiska.

EN

The article discusses the impact of shale gas exploitation on the environment. Particularattention is paid to the hydraulicfracturing, posing the biggest threat to ground-water environment. These threats are already at the stage of preparatory works, asa result of stor-age of Chemicals and water, and during their implementation, in the form of the possibility of seepage into water-bearing tracks. Negative environmental impact can also occur during the disposal of fluid drilling wastes (used drilling fluids). Based on the analysis of the deposition of shale found in Poland, it has been found that there is virtually no risk of degradation of groundwater. In fact, thicker formations with Iow permeability in the overburden, virtually eliminate the possibility of fracturing fluids migration to exploitable aquifers. It was also noted that most chemical additives for fracturing fluids are commonly used in households and industry. The need to reduce the size of land occupied in drilling and service roads as well as reducing environmental noise has also been stressed.

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Strategia poszukiwań złóż gazu ziemnego w łupkach

Hadro J.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2010

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Vol. 58, nr 3

250-258

EN

Unconventional gas by definition is economically less profitable and more difficult to extract then conventional gas. However, gradual depletion of conventional gas fields as well as large resources of unconventional gas make the latter an attractive target. Coalbed methane (CBM), tight gas and shale gas have been successfully developed in the US over the past two decades. Shale gas production has grown at the fastest pace in recent years and reached over 2 tcf in 2008, which is 6-fold increase since 1998. Key to success of unconventional gas development was Noncoventional Fuels Tax Credit introduced by the US government in 1980. This initial production growth of unconventional gas and shale gas in particular, was later sustained by the development of horizontal drilling and fracture stimulation technologies, economy of scale and increasing gas prices. Economics of producing shale gas is marked by bigger resource potential and, at the same time, lower production rates and higher drilling costs as compared to conventional gas, which entails adopting cautious investment strategies. Shale gas exploration strategies are also different from those of conventional gas and, initially, require an extensive source rock analysis and a big land position to identify "sweet spots". Shale gas exploration in Poland is in its infancy, being focused on the Silurian-Ordovician shale formation which is poorly explored and thus poses a significant exploration risk. Therefore, exploration companies have used a cautious approach which is reflected in planning of the concession activities divided in a few phases, with each successive phase contingent on the positive results of the preceding one. These phases include: existing data analysis, seismic, drilling an exploratory well with extensive core analyses prior to a pilot testing program using horizontal wells. On a technical level of shale gas exploration, the integration of many disciplines is required for commercial success. Potential barriers to shale gas exploration in Poland have been identified such as: regulations which are in favor of the domestic service companies impeding competition, changeable and unclear environmental protection regulations, as well as insufficient liberalization of the domestic gas market.

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Desorpcja metodą określania zawartości gazu w węglach (CBM) i łupkach gazonośnych (gas shales)

Jamka M., Spinczyk A., Majka B., Hadro J.

Prace Naukowe Instytutu Nafty i Gazu

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2010

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nr 170 wyd. konferencyjne

139

6

Metan pokładów węgla na obszarze Górnośląskiego Zagłębia Węglowego

Kwarciński J., Hadro J.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2008

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Vol. 56, nr 6

485-485

EN

Coalbed methane (CBM) should be considered complementary to conventional gas. CBM resource is estimated at 28.5 billion m3 for active coal mines in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin (USCB) and 124.5 billion m3 for the prospective areas outside of coal mines. The large CBM resource of the USCB, which is comparable with all conventional gas reserves in Poland, could significantly improve the energy balance of our country. Currently, CBM is produced only in association with coal production, and methane is considered as a by-product of coal extraction. Methane production from active coal mines is 289 million m3 whereas only 50% of methane gas is utilized. If the sizeable CBM resource of the USCB could be successfully combined with the state-of-the-art technologies of CBM production (horizontal wells), coalbed gas would soon become a significant portion of natural gas supply in Poland. Undoubtedly, an active role of the Polish government in stimulating CBM investments would significantly help to achieve this objective.