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2 2022

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Impact of psychological components of human factors on the probability of committing an error during ship handling in restricted waters

Hejmlich Andrzej

Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie

2022

nr 72 (144)

42--47

The paper presents a new approach to the evaluation of human factor (HF) influence on the risk of maritime accidents. This approach is based on a formal human–ship–environment system definition including the relationships between humans, technology, environment, and organization. Social and organizational factors have already been included in the International Maritime Organization regulations; however, the individual factors still need investigation. A combination of psychological studies and technical operations of sea-going ships has given a huge opportunity to use HF assessment in rule-making processes. The main scientific goal of the research presented in the paper was the development of a method to assess the influence of HF on the risk of maneuvering accidents in restricted waters. This method is based on research within the area of technical ship operation and the results of the psychological profile of operators. The proposed model is based on a quantitative HF model developed by an authorized psychologist comprising personality traits, vulnerability to stress, and risk approach. The investigations were carried out with a group of 32 experienced ship masters performing a complex maneuvering task on the Full Mission Ship Handling Simulator. The multidimensional dependencies between variables of the psychological profile and the risk of an accident resulting from maneuvering errors were implemented into the Sugeno fuzzy model. The developed model allows risk assessment to be conducted that depends on the selected personality profile features. These features can be measured using psychological questionnaires, and then the risk of an accident due to maneuvering error can be calculated for a captain or marine pilot in order to improve human resource management.

Free running ship model tests of interaction between a moored ship and a passing ship

Raszeja Magdalena, Hejmlich Andrzej, Nowicki Jacek, Jaworski Tomasz

Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie

2022

nr 72 (144)

50--56

For many reasons, ship model interaction tests are performed in experimental towing tanks. This paper presents research on the hydrodynamic forces acting on a ship tied up at the solid berth, which is produced by other ships passing by using free-running ship models with much larger dimensions than those used in towing tanks. A passing ship model was controlled by a human operator – an experienced master. This enabled a study of the influence of the interaction impact on the course of the maneuver. The research was carried out at the Ship Handling Research and Training Centre in Iława. The ship model was moored alongside and equipped with multi-directional force sensors linking the ship model with a solid berth. Forces were measured as a function of the passing ship speed, side distance between both ships, ship sizes, and depth-to-draft ratio (H/T). Forces were measured in two planes: the longitudinal (surge) and the transversal (sway). A numerical database was processed and ordered according to the variables. The fuzzy model was created within a “Matlab” computing environment using a Sugeno-type self-learning neuron network model. The proposed Sugeno model was evaluated with other methods presented by Flory (2002), Seelig (2001), and PASS-MOOR by Wang (1975). The ultimate goal of this study was to simplify the method of predictive calculations for adjusting speed and distance when passing by the moored ship, which ensures compliance with safe port mooring requirements.