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1
Content available remote Comparison of meteorological conditions in Svalbard fjords: Hornsund and Kongsfjorden
Cisek M., Makuch P., Petelski T.
Oceanologia
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2017
|
No. 59 (4)
413--421
EN
This paper presents the results of a comparison of basic meteorological parameters in two Arctic fjords situated on the west coast of Spitsbergen, the main island of the Svalbard archipelago. Air temperature, wind speed and direction, humidity and cloud cover from the period 2005 to 2016 are described and compared with previous (from 1975) analyses of meteorological conditions in the investigated region. Such a choice of dates coincides with the time the GAME project measurements were carried out. The main goal of this study was to compare meteorological conditions in two fjords: Hornsund and Kongsfjorden, during the time of rapid climate changes. The results are collated with research results available in literature from previous years. We discovered that in the investigated period the climate of the Hornsund region is more oceanic than in Kongsfjorden. The stable level of the difference in climate elements is manifested and is evident mainly through greater amplitudes in air temperatures in Kongsfjorden, and in stronger winds in Hornsund.
2
Content available remote Aerosol physical properties in Spitsbergen's fjords: Hornsund and Kongsfjorden during AREX campaigns in 2014 and 2015
Markuszewski P., Rozwadowska A., Cisek M., Makuch P., Petelski T.
Oceanologia
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2017
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No. 59 (4)
460--472
EN
We present results of measurements of aerosol physical properties conducted on board of r/v Oceania during two cruises to the Spitsbergen region in 2014 (AREX 2014) and 2015 (AREX 2015). Measurements of aerosol size distribution, aerosol scattering coefficient and black carbon concentrations were made in two different Spitsbergen fjords: Hornsund and Kongsfjorden. The aerosol size distribution was measured in the size range from 0.09 μm to 47 μm using two aerosol size distribution spectrometers and a standard condensation particle counter. For the scattering coefficient an integrating nephelometer was used. Black carbon concentration was measured by an aethalometer. Temporal variabilities in physical properties of aerosol observed during the AREX 2014 and AREX 2015 campaigns were much higher than the differences between both fjords. The basic factors influencing aerosol conditions were advection and local generation of marine aerosol. In 2015 an episode of smoke advection was observed in both fjords causing an increase in the mean black carbon concentration from 7–12 ng m−3 to about 60 ng m−3, and an aerosol scattering coefficient at 550 nm from 2–4 Mm−1 to 12–17 Mm−1. Moreover, under certain conditions statistically significant gradients in aerosol optical properties were observed along the fjord axis reflecting an impact of mountains surrounding the fjords.
3
Content available remote Aerosol Optical Depth variations due to local breeze circulation in Kongsfjorden, Spitsbergen
Cisek M., Petelski T., Zieliński T., Makuch P., Pakszys P., Rozwadowska A., Markuszewski P.
Oceanologia
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2017
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No. 59 (4)
422--430
EN
This paper presents the results of Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) studies which took place in Ny-Ålesund in the spring of 2014 during the iAREA campaign. The measurements were taken using Microtops II hand-held sunphotometers along the Kongsfjorden, on a path leading from the research village to the fjord opening. Local breeze circulation was observed during the measurement campaign which resulted in an evident increase of AOD along the measurement profile towards the open sea. Using the observed AOD, changes over the open sea have been calculated and the location of the breeze front has been determined.
4
Content available remote Impact of wild forest fires in Eastern Europe on aerosol composition and particle optical properties
Zieliński T., Petelski T., Strzałkowska A., Pakszys P., Makuch P.
Oceanologia
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2016
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No. 58 (1)
13--24
EN
In this paper the authors discuss the changes of aerosol optical depth (AOD) in the region of eastern Europe and the Baltic Sea due to wild fire episodes which occurred in the area of Belarus and Ukraine in 2002. The authors discuss how the biomass burning aerosols were advected over the Baltic area and changed the composition of aerosol ensemble for a period of several summer weeks. The air pressure situation and slow wind speeds also facilitated the development of such conditions. As a consequence very high AOD levels were recorded, by an order of 3–4 higher versus normal conditions and they significantly increased the annual averages. On particular days of August 2002 the AOD values reached a level of over 0.7. On these days fine particles fully dominated the entire ensemble of aerosol particles. They were either sulfates or smoke particles. Such situation was unique over a period of many years and it had its serious consequences for the region and especially for the Baltic Sea.
5
Content available remote Modelling and Observation of Mineral Dust Optical Properties over Central Europe
Chilinski M. T., Markowicz K. M., Zawadzka O., Stachlewska I. S., Kumala W., Petelski T., Makuch P., Westphal D. L., Zagajewski B.
Acta Geophysica
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2016
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Vol. 64, no. 6
2550--2590
EN
This paper is focused on Saharan dust transport to Central Europe/ Poland; we compare properties of atmospheric Saharan dust using data from NAAPS, MACC, AERONET as well as observations obtained during HyMountEcos campaign in June 2012. Ten years of dust climatology shows that long-range transport of Saharan dust to Central Europe is mostly during spring and summer. HYSPLIT back-trajectories indicate airmass transport mainly in November, but it does not agree with modeled maxima of dust optical depth. NAAPS model shows maximum of dust optical depth (~0.04-0.05, 550 nm) in April-May, but the MACC modeled peak is broader (~0.04). During occurrence of mineral dust over Central-Europe for 14% (NAAPS) / 12% (MACC) of days dust optical depths are above 0.05 and during 4% (NAAPS) / 2.5% (MACC) of days dust optical depths exceed 0.1. The HyMountEcos campaign took place in June-July 2012 in the mountainous region of Karkonosze. The analysis includes remote sensing data from lidars, sunphotometers, and numerical simulations from NAAPS, MACC, DREAM8b models. Comparison of simulations with observations demonstrates the ability of models to reasonably reproduce aerosol vertical distributions and their temporal variability. However, significant differences between simulated and measured AODs were found. The best agreement was achieved for MACC model.
6
Content available remote Studies of vertical coarse aerosol fluxes in the boundary layer over the Baltic Sea
Petelski T., Markuszewski P., Makuch P., Jankowski A., Rozwadowska A.
Oceanologia
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2014
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No. 56 (4)
697--710
EN
The results of studies of the vertical gradient of aerosol concentration measurements made during cruises of r/v "Oceania" between 2008 and 2012 are presented. Using the results from those experiments, sea spray emission fluxes were calculated for all particles of sizes in the range from 0.5 µm to 8 µm, as well as for particles of sizes from fifteen channels of 0.5 µm width. The information obtained was further used to calculate the Sea Salt Generation Function (SSGF) for the Baltic Sea depending on the wind speed and the aerosol size distribution.
7
Content available remote Studies of aerosol optical depth with the use of Microtops II sun photometers and MODIS detectors in coastal areas of the Baltic Sea
Zawadzka O, Makuch P, Markowicz K.M, Zieliński T, Petelski T., Ulevičius V, Strzałkowska A., Rozwadowska A., Gutowska D.
Acta Geophysica
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2014
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Vol. 62, no. 2
400--422
EN
In this paper we describe the results of a research campaign dedicated to the studies of aerosol optical properties in different regions of both the open Baltic Sea and its coastal areas. During the campaign we carried out simultaneous measurements of aerosol optical depth at 4 stations with the use of the hand-held Microtops II sun photometers. The studies were complemented with aerosol data provided by the MODIS. In order to obtain the full picture of aerosol situation over the study area, we added to our analyses the air mass back-trajectories at various altitudes as well as wind fields. Such complex information facilitated proper conclusions regarding aerosol optical depth and Ångström exponent for the four locations and discussion of the changes of aerosol properties with distance and with changes of meteorological factors. We also show that the Microtops II sun photometers are reliable instruments for field campaigns. They are easy to operate and provide good quality results.
8
Content available remote Study of vertical structure of aerosol optical properties with sun photometers and ceilometer during the MACRON campaign in 2007
Markowicz K., Zieliński T., Blindheim S., Gausa M., Jagodnicka A., Kardas A., Kumala W., Malinowski S., Petelski T., Posyniak M.
Acta Geophysica
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2012
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Vol. 60, no. 5
1308-1337
EN
This paper presents the measurements of a vertical structure of aerosol optical properties performed during the MACRON (Maritime Aerosol, Clouds and Radiation Observation in Norway) campaign, which took place in July and August 2007 at ALOMAR observatory on And?ya island (69.279 °N, 16.009 °E, elevation 380 m a.s.l.). The mean value of the aerosol optical thickness (AOT) at 500 nm during campaign was 0.12. Significant increase of the AOT above longtime mean value was observed on 7 and 8 August 2007 when the AOT exceeded 0.4 at 500 nm. Analyses of back trajectories show the aerosol transported from over Africa and Central Europe. The aerosol extinction coefficient obtained from the synergy of ceilometer and sun photometer observations reached 0.05-0.08 km-1 (at 1064 nm) in the dust layer. The single scattering albedo at the ALOMAR observatory decreased during the dust episode to 0.93-0.94, which indicates some absorptive aerosols in the lower PBL.
9
Content available remote Studies of aerosols advected to coastal areas with the use of remote techniques
Zieliński T., Petelski T., Makuch P., Strzałkowska A., Ponczkowska A., Markowicz K., Chourdakis G., Georgoussis G., Kratzer S
Acta Geophysica
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2012
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Vol. 60, no. 5
1359-1385
EN
This paper presents the results of the studies of aerosol optical properties measured using lidars and sun photometers. We describe two case studies of the combined measurements made in two coastal zones in Crete in 2006 and in Rozewie on the Baltic Sea in 2009. The combination of lidar and sun photometer measurements provides comprehensive information on both the total aerosol optical thickness in the entire atmosphere as well as the vertical structure of aerosol optical properties. Combination of such information with air mass back-trajectories and data collected at stations located on the route of air masses provides complete picture of the aerosol variations in the study area both vertically and horizontally. We show that such combined studies are especially important in the coastal areas where depending on air mass advection directions and altitudes the influence of fine or coarse mode (in this case possibly sea-salt) particles on the vertical structure of aerosol optical properties is an important issue to consider.
10
Content available remote Observations of new particle formation events in the south-eastern Baltic Sea
Plauškaite K., Ulevicius V., Špirkauskaite N., Byčenkiene S., Zieliński T., Petelski T., Ponczkowska A.
Oceanologia
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2010
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No. 52 (1)
53-75
EN
New particle formation and growth were observed at a coastal site (Preila station, Lithuania) during 1997 and 2000-2002. The total amount of data analysed covers 291 one-day periods, 45 (15%) of which were long-term, new particle formation days. Short-term nucleation events (from a few minutes to one hour) and long-term events (from one to eight hours) were identified. The mean particle growth rate, condensation sink and condensable vapour source rate during nucleation events were 3.9 nm h*-1, 1.45 × 10*-3 cm*-3 s-1 and 7.5 x 104 cm-3 s-1 respectively. The average formation rate J_10 was 0.4 cm-3 s-1. The nucleation events were accompanied mainly by air masses transported from the north (43%) and north-west (19%). Meteorological parameters and trace gas (O3, SO2, NO2) concentrations were also analysed. It was found that nucleation events are related to high levels of solar radiation.
11
Content available Pomiary aerozolowe w Hornsundzie w trakcie XXIX Wyprawy Polarnej PAN
Rozwadowska A., Petelski T., Zieliński T.
Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej
|
2008
|
nr 18
161-170
PL
W pracy przedstawiono wyniki pomiarów przeprowadzonych na stacji Hornsund podczas międzynarodowego eksperymentu ASTAR 2007 (Arctic Study of Tropospheric Aerosol, Clouds and Radiation). Stwierdzono, że zjawisko zamglenia arktycznego (ang. Arctic Haze) wystąpiło w czasie kampanii pomiarowej ASTAR 2007 na południowym Spitsbergenie tylko jednego dnia. Przypuszcza się, że ograniczenie wystąpienia zamglenia arktycznego na południowym Spitsbergenie wiosną 2007 roku może być spowodowane m.in. przesu-nięciem się na północ granicy zamarzania morza.
EN
Intensive measurement periods within the ASTAR Project were carried out in spring 2004 and 2007. Spring is the season in the Arctic when the so-called Arctic Haze phenomenon occurs. The ASTAR 2007 measurement period lasted from 28 March to 16 April. During the campaign at the station in Hornsund the following instruments were used: laser particle counter, sunphotometers, radiometers and pyranometers. Such instrumentation set-up facilitated the determination of the aerosol optical thickness, aerosol concentration and size distribution, upward and downward radiation fluxes. During the 2007 ASTAR campaign the Arctic Haze conditions were observed only one day in the southern Spitsbergen area. A hypothesis was set forth that due to higher up north shift of frozen sea surface areas marine aerosols may noticeably contribute to cleaning of the Arctic atmosphere.
12
Content available remote Studies of aerosol physical properties in the coastal area
Zielinski T, Petelski T
Optica Applicata
|
2006
|
Vol. 36, nr 4
s. 629--634
EN
In the marine boundary layer over coastal areas marine aerosol size distribution and concentration strongly depend on wind speed and location of the measuring point accross the surf zone. The measurements were taken from several stations on the Polish coast of the Baltic Sea by means of the lidar system FLS-12 and the laser particle counter CSASP-100-HV-SP. The results obtained provide valuable inputs for investigations of the physical processes, as well as an important data set for use in the development of aerosol type modeling and aerosol dynamics in the coastal areas.
13
Content available remote Heat and salt fluxes in the West Spitsbergen Current area in summer
Piechura J., Osiński R., Petelski T., Woźniak S. B.
Oceanologia
|
2002
|
No. 44 (3)
307-321
EN
Fluxes of radiation, sensible and latent heat, and fluxes of heat and salt within the upper layer of the ocean were calculated on the basis of measurements carried out in the area of the Norwegian-Atlantic and West Spitsbergen Currents during summer 2000. The sea surface radiation balance was calculated from direct measurements of downward and upward short-wave (solar) radiation, the net radiation fluxes and sea surface temperature. The daily doses of radiation energy reaching and leaving the sea surface were also estimated. To calculate the vertical heat fluxes in the atmospheric boundary layer the bulk parameterisation method was used. In most cases, the calculated heat fluxes were rather low, the average sensible heat flux was c. 10 W m-2, and the latent heat flux about one order of magnitude higher; this is what could be expected in summer. Salt fluxes to the air in the process of aerosol production are very small and can be neglected. In summer the highest quantities of heat and salt are exchanged during mixing with surrounding waters. According to our measurements, Atlantic Water on its northward course from about 70oN to 79oN loses about 100 TW of heat and 900 × 103 kg of salt. We thought it could be interesting to find out what happens to them. Some preliminary results of our investigation are presented here.
14
Content available remote Sea salt emission from the coastal zone
Petelski T., Chomka M.
Oceanologia
|
2000
|
No. 42 (4)
399-409
EN
The paper presents the findings of experiments to determine marine aerosol emission from the coastal zone. A relation between aerosol flux and wave energy dissipation was found. The emission fluxes calculated for the distribution of aerosol concentration are proportional to the dissipation of wave energy to the power of 3/4. The calculations were carried out using the experimental data obtained during the TABEX and BAEX experiments.
15
Content available Rozkłady rozmiarów aerozoli morskich nad morzami europejskiej Arktyki
Petelski T.
Problemy Klimatologii Polarnej
|
1998
|
nr 8
125—135
EN
Oceania in years 1995-1997. Sizes distribution were measured with an optical technique by laser particle counter. The size spectral density was found as a function n(r) = exp(ar + b), where: a = -0.249 and b is a function of wind velocity. According to data from 1995 b was b = 0.29U10 + 11.93 and according data to from 1996/1997 b was b = 0.19U10 + 11.63 were U10 wind velocity at 10m above sea level.
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