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1 Research Bulletin / Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Aeronautics and Applied Mechanics

1 1998

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Fire fighting aircraft of medium capacity - from concept to design layout

Frydrychewicz A., Goraj Z., Ransom E., Wagstaff P.

Research Bulletin / Warsaw University of Technology, Institute of Aeronautics and Applied Mechanics

1998

nr 8

181-194

This paper presents an evaluation of available aircraft types and demonstrates the lack of a low cost aircraft optimised for fighting forest fires, spreading viscous liquids for land reclamation and spraying pesticides over forest areas. It shows that among critical areas demanding special consideration are (1) the development of mathematical models for the water bomb/aircraft separation and the aircraft stability following separation, (2) the identification of parameters influencing the coherence of the water column, effectiveness of the water delivery for fire-fighting (3) choice of aircraft configuration and (4) hopper configuration. The main aerodynamic characteristics of the selected aircraft have been computed by means of panel methods. Design and numerical analysis has led to the selection of the biplane as the best aircraft and hopper configuration. Another important concept - developed at PZL-Okęcie and presented in this paper - consists in using parts of the design from existing aircraft. The pilot's cabin, the rear part of the fuselage with control surfaces and wings originate from the PZL-106 KRUK. This diminishes the cost of design and prototype construction as well as of the cost of the airplane production. It has been shown that an important cost factor in the operation of such a fire-fighting aircraft is the weight of the agent which may be carried for the same fuel consumption. This cost factor, representing the economical efficiency of a fire-fighting aircraft has been computed and compared for a number of fire-fighting aircraft. The design under consideration (called PZL-240 PELIKAN) has the above-mentioned factor equal to 14, whereas the average value for other aircraft is about 8.