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Disadvantages of applied lacquer coatings on polymer substrate

Wierzbicki Ł., Kulesza J.

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

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2012

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Vol. 55, nr 2

291--298

EN

Purpose: The use of polymer parts in automotive industry gives economic and practical savings. This is evoked by weight reduction of the used construction elements. However, polymer parts usually require application of coatings to ensure high quality surface. The painting of polymer materials is one of the most popular and well known methods. Assumptions of the study presented in this article were an attempt to create an atlas of lacquer coating disadvantages. Design/methodology/approach: Assumptions of this study were an attempt to identify lacquer coating disadvantages. Samples of the parts with disadvantages were prepared with the use of microtome and then viewed on an optical microscope. The defects have been described and the causes of their formation have been identified. Findings: The paper shows the examples of common disadvantages of polymer coatings’ application in automotive industry. Research limitations/implications: In automotive industry, they are often used as a substrate - metals or other materials. The description and identification of disadvantages of coatings on these substrates requires further study. Practical implications: The identification of disadvantages of the applied lacquer coatings on polymer substrate allows to eliminate them. Through the improvement and generation of new technologies of coating industry as a major supplier to the very large automotive industry, the industry will continue to thrive, grow and maintain its economical competitiveness in the global marketplace. Originality/value: Applications of multilayer polymer coatings in automotive industry are rarely described in literature - especially the application on polymers substrate. The description and identification for the emergence of the most frequent reasons of lacquer disadvantage is a novelty in this article.

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Wykonanie posadzek przemysłowych z płytek ceramicznych z zastosowaniem produktów marki Kerakoll

Kulesza J.

Materiały Budowlane

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2002

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nr 9

38-39

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The topology of a subset of l[sub p] as p is varied

Dobrowolski T., Kulesza J.

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Mathematics

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1999

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Vol. 47, no 3

231-244

EN

For 1 [is less than or equal to] p < q < [infinity] and X [...], the topology on X viewed as a subset of l[sub p] may differ from that on X viewed as a subset of l[ sub q]. We investigate this difference. With regard to dimension, we improve results in [9] by showing the possible values for dim[sub q] X - dim[sub p] X are exactly the integers [is greater than or equal to] -l, and that if dim[sub p] X [is not equal to] dim[sub q] X, then X is not contained in l[sub m], for any m < p. The key example is the set K(p) which is homeomorphic to the irrationals when viewed as a subset of l[sub p] but, for all q > p, K(p) is homeomorphic to the Hilbert cube viewed as a subset of l[sub q]. Additional examples, essentially closed versions of the well known Erdoes example [7] all of which are weakly closed line free subgroups of l[sub p], demonstrate the dimension properties of such spaces. Theorem 3.2 states that if 1 [is less than or equal to] p < q < r [is less than or equal to infinity], then X is bounded in l[sub p], implies (X, d[sub q]) and (X, d[sub r]) are homeomorphic via the identity map. This theorem, which is used in the above, has an application to linear spaces which is discussed in Section G. Despite this theorem, in Section 4 we are able to give an example of countable subset Z of l[sub 1] such that none of (Z, d[sub p]), (Z, d[sub q]), and (Z, d[sub r]) are homeomorphic.