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Comparison of Selected Chemical Properties of Fibres from Different Breeds of Dogs and German Blackface Sheep

Ragaišienė A., Rusinavičiūtė J., Milašiene D., Ivanauskas R.

Fibres & Textiles in Eastern Europe

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2016

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Vol. 24, no. 5 (119)

21--28

EN

Combed or picked out dog hair fibre, as one of the protein fibres, could be used in yarn manufacturing. Dog hair fibres have a specific scale structure, shape and distribution on the surface. Results obtained indicated that same dog hair fibre fragmented and interrupted the continuous whole and continuous kemp medulla inside. Thus it is necessary to find differences between sheep wool and dog hair fibres as well as between different dog breeds in other areas. In this research, the crystal and chemical structures, macro-chain confirmation and surface morphology of sheep wool and dog hair fibres from different breeds were investigated through identifying variations between thus protein fibres. FTIR analysis showed that the absorbing peaks of sheep’s wool around 2920 cm–1 and 2850 cm–1 are more intense and sharper than those in the IR spectrum of dog hair fibre. Other peaks of the dog hair spectra are more intensive and have a bigger areal. Values of the crystallinity degree and indexes are different not only between sheep wool and dog hair fibres, but also among hairs of the different dog breeds too. The percentage amounts of carbon, hydrogen and nitrogen in sheep wool and dog hair fibres are of the same order of magnitude. However, the content of elements in the cortex of sheep wool and dog hair fibres varies, especially that of sulphur and oxygen, which varies by about two times among the different protein fibres.

PL

Do produkcji przędz włókien proteinowych można stosować włókna z wyczesanych sierści psów. Uzyskane wyniki wskazują, że włókna z sierści niektórych psów mogą przedstawiać interesujące właściwości dla produkcji odzieży. Dlatego postanowiono przeprowadzić porównanie strukturalne i morfologiczne włókien z wełny owczej i różnych ras psów dla identyfikacji różnic. Badania FTIR wykazały, że piki absorpcji promieniowania w zakresie 2920 cm-1 i 2850 cm-1 są bardziej intensywne, mają ostrzejszy przebieg dla wełny owczej podczas gdy dla innych częstotliwości piki mają charakter zróżnicowany. Wartości stopnia krystaliczności są różne nie tylko dla wełny owczej i psiej ale również są zróżnicowane pomiędzy wełną z różnych ras psich. Procentowe zawartości węgla, wodoru i azotu w poszczególnych rodzajach włókien są podobne, podczas gdy różnice zawartości siarki i tlenu są wyraźne.

2

Formation of Copper Selenide Layers on the Surface of Polyamide Films by the Use of Potassium Selenotrithionate

Ivanauskas R., Janickis V.

Polish Journal of Chemistry

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2008

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Vol. 82, nr 12

2281-2292

EN

The process and results of the formation of thin CuxSe layers on the polyamide 6 (PA) surface are described. For clarifying the influence of various factors (the concentration of the initial solution of potassium selenotrithionate, K2SeS2O6, pH, seleniumization time and temperature) the kinetics of the sorption-diffusion of selenium into PA from freshly prepared solutions of potassium selenotrithionate was studied. The CuxSe layers of various composition are formed on the surface of polyamide film if the seleniumized polymer is treated with the aqueous solution of Cu(II/I) salt. The concentration of copper in CuxSe layers formed is strongly dependent on the initial conditions of seleniumization. Some structural properties and electrical resistance values of obtained layers have been also investigated. The three phases - CuSe2, Cu2Se copper selenides and Cu2-xSe berzellianite - in the CuxSe layers were identified. The CuxSe layers formed on PA have electrical sheet resistance in the range of 49.8 to 2.5×105 /Omega Empty set.

3

Preparation and Some Properties of Conductive Copper Sulfide, CuxS, Films Formed on the Polymers Surface by the Use of Polythionic Acids

Ancutiene I., Janickis V., Ivanauskas R., Stokiene R., Kreiveniene N.

Polish Journal of Chemistry

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2007

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Vol. 81, nr 3

381-391

EN

Films of copper sulfide of varying composition and propertieswere formed on the surface of polyethylene (PE) and polyamide (PA) for the first time by a sorption-diffusion method and the solutions of polythionic acids, H2SnO6 (n = 5-45), as a precursor of the polymers sulfuration at 1-80 graduate C. Hydrophobic polymer PE adsorbs elementary sulfur from H2SnO6 solutions, while semi-hydrophilic polymer PAsorbs polythionate ions from these solutions. The concentration of sulfur sorbed-diffused into PE or PAincreases with the increase of the acid sulfurity, n, the temperature of a solution and the time of a polymer treatment. The sulfured polymer samples were treated with a Cu(I-II) salt solution at 30-80 graduate C. The amount of copper in a CuxS film formed is strongly dependent on the concentration of sulfur in PE or PA. The chemical analysis of the obtained sulfide films showed that a value of x in the CuxS films varies in the interval 1 < x < 2. X-ray diffraction studies of the CuxS films showed seven phases: chalcocite (Cu2S), djurleite (Cu1.9375S), digenite (Cu1.8S), anilite (Cu1.75S), yarrowite (Cu1.12S), and covellite (CuS). The established regularities of the formation of CuxS films on the surface of PE or PA, their chemical and phase composition enable careful choice of the treatment methods, as well as precursors, capable of achieving electrically conductive or semiconductive copper sulfide films.

4

Preparation and Some Properties of Cu-Te-S Thin Films on the Polyamide (PA) Surface

Sukyte V., Ivanauskas R., Janickis V.

Polish Journal of Chemistry

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2005

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Vol. 79 / nr 4

759-771

EN

The process and results of the formation of thin Cu-Te-S films on the polyamide (PA) surface are described. For clarifying the influence of various factors (the concentration of the initial solution of sodium telluropentathionate dihydrate, Na2TeS4O6_2H2O, pH, an exposure time and temperature) the kinetics of the sorption-diffusion of tellurium and sulfur into PA from freshly prepared solutions of sodium telluropentathionate was studied. Some structural properties and electrical resistance's values of obtained films have been investigated also. Cu-Te-S polymer composites indicate p-type properties of electrical conductivity and have electrical resistance in the range of 1.5_103-4.0_103 k/ to 3-5 k/ after to 2-3 h of an exposure and 1.0-1.5 k/ after 24-72 h of exposure in 0.01-0.1 mol dm-3 solutions of Na2TeS4O6.

5

Study of copper sulfide layers on a polyamide film formed by the use of higher polythionic acids

Janickis V., Maciulevicius R., Ivanauskas R., Ancutiene I.

Materials Science Poland

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2005

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Vol. 23, No. 3

715--727

EN

CuxS layers on polyamide obtained by a sorption-diffusion method have been studied. These layers are formed when ions of higher polythionates and sulfur sorbed into polyamide react with a solution of Cu(I–II) salt. By potentiometric studies it has been determined that x varies in the interval 1< x < 2 in electrically conductive or semiconductive copper sulfide layers. The composition of the CuxS layer changes more significantly during the first 30 days in the direction of x decreasing. X-ray diffraction studies of the CuxS layers revealed six phases: with x = 2 (chalcocite), x = 1.9375 (djurleite), x = 1.75 (anilite), x = 1.12 (yarrowite), x = 1.06 (talnakhite), and x = 1 (covellite). The phase composition of the CuxS layer depends on the period of keeping in Cu(I–II) salt solution and on the sulfur concentration in the polyamide.