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2 Journal of Polish Safety and Reliability Association

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Email forensic tools : A roadmap to email header analysis through a cybercrime use case

Charalambou E., Bratskas R., Karkas G., Anastasiades A.

Journal of Polish Safety and Reliability Association

2016

Vol. 7, No. 1

21--28

Email is one of the primary sources of numerous criminal activities, on the Internet, of which some threaten human lives. Email analysis is challenging due to not only various fields that can be forged by hackers or the wide range email applications in use, but also due to imposed law restrictions in the analysis of email body. Despite this being a relatively new area, a number of both open source and proprietary forensic tools, with varying possibilities and versatility, have been developed aiding use by practitioners. In this paper, we review existing email forensic tools for email header analysis, as part of email investigation, with emphasis on aspects related to online crime while still considering legal constraints. Through our analysis, we investigate a common case of cybercrime and examine the breadth of information one may gain solely through email forensics analysis. Additionally, a roadmap for email forensic analysis is presented, combining features and functionality already available, to assist the process of digital forensic analysis.

Safeguarding critical infrastructures from cyber attacks : A case study for offshore natural gas Assets

Hadjistassou C., Bratskas R., Koutras N., Kyriakides A., Charalambous E., Hadjiantonis A. M.

Journal of Polish Safety and Reliability Association

2015

Vol. 6, No. 1

115--124

The majority of operations, as well as the physical and chemical processes, which take place on offshore Natural Gas installations are controlled by computer systems. These computer systems are vulnerable to cyber-attacks. If successful, such attacks can have disastrous and far-reaching consequences, including human casualties, large-scale pollution, and immense financial cost. In this paper we identify one possible way that an attacker can inflict material damage, by altering the parameters of the gas hydrate inhibition system. The formation of gas hydrates can completely halt operations for a prolonged period of time, could damage equipment, and directly endanger human lives. To raise the level of protection we propose the implementation of two lines of defense the second based on machine learning algorithms. Appreciating the sophistication of attacks, the inherent risks and complexity of multi-billion offshore energy assets we highlight the need for further research intended to address safety loopholes.