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RP-HPLC–UV method for the quantification of propranolol in rat's serum and krebs buffer using one-step protein precipitation

Al Shaker H., Qinna Nidal A., Hroub H., Omari M. M. H., Adnan A.

Acta Chromatographica

2018

Vol. 30, no. 3

147--152

Krebs buffer is considered one of the most used physiological buffers in biomedical research. In the current work, a rapid reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method with ultraviolet (UV) detection at 214 nm was developed and validated according to European Medicines Evaluation Agency (EMEA) guidelines for the determination and quantification of propranolol in Sprague–Dawley rat's serum and in Krebs buffer. This method can be applied for both in vivo and in vitro studies with short run time of 7.0 min . Isocratic elution with a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min was employed. BDS Hypersil C-18 column (150 mm × 4.6 mm and 5 μm) was used to obtain satisfactory resolution. The mobile phase used contained a mixture of acetonitrile, methanol, and triethylammonium phosphate solution (15.0:32.5:52.5, v/v). Best separation between propranolol and the internal standard (I. S.) sildenafil was obtained at 4.2 and 5.5 min, respectively. Propranolol was linear over a concentration range of 50.00–3000 ng/mL with acceptable accuracy, and intra- and inter-day precision. Dilution integrity was assessed and was found to be within the acceptable range for both serum and Krebs buffer. Sample stability tests were studied at different storage conditions, and all the analytes were found to be stable. The mean percentage of recovery of propranolol was found to be 97.06% and 98.57% for serum and Krebs buffer, respective.

Seismic vulnerability functional method for rapid visual screening of existing buildings

Yadollahi M., Adnan A., Zin R. M.

Archives of Civil Engineering

2012

Vol. 58, nr 3

363-377

Rapid Visual Screening (RVS) method for buildings was originally developed by the Applied Technology Council (ATC) in the late 1980’s for potential seismic hazards. This is a simple and almost a quick way of assessing the building seismic vulnerability score based on visual screening. The logarithmic relationship between final score and the probability of collapse at the maximum considered earthquake (MCE) makes results somewhat difficult to interpret, especially for less technical users. This study is developed to improve the simplicity and usefulness of RVS methodology to determine the numeric scores for seismic vulnerability of buildings using vulnerability functional form. The proposed approach applies the existing method in FEMA 154 (2002) for calculating the building rank based on RVS method. In this study RVS scores are used to evaluate populations of buildings to prioritize detailed evaluations and seismic retrofits. The alternate non-logarithmic format of scoring scheme is much better meeting the needs of the project managers and decision makers, as they require results that are easier to understand. It shows the linear equivalent of RVS final scores which is consistent with the existing ranking systems used in the buildings management program such as budget allocation decision making. The results demonstrate that the weight determined for the factor of “Region Seismicity”, which is 0.4033, has the highest contribution to seismic vulnerability scores of buildings. The applicability of the proposed method is demonstrated through a hypothetical example to rank ten seismically vulnerable buildings.