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PL
Inspiracją do hasła XXIV Konferencji Okrągłego Stołu „Polska w drodze do społeczeństwa Informacyjnego” była propozycja hasła ŚDTiSI przedstawiona jeszcze w 2022 r . w dokumencie Rady Międzynarodowego Związku Telekomunikacyjnego (ITU). Mimo iż ostatecznie Sekretarz Generalna ITU ogłosiła odmienne od proponowanego hasło ŚDTiSI 2023, to jednak zagadnienia bezpieczeństwa drogowego wydają się dla Polski dużo ważniejsze i wymagające społecznej uwagi. Wynika to szczególnie z: „Globalnego Planu”; Narodowego Programu Bezpieczeństwa Ruchu Drogowego 2021-2030; Rezolucji Parlamentu Europejskiego z dn. 6 października 2021 r.
EN
The article presents selected issues related to the development and testing of the diagnostics systems dedicated for superconducting electromagnets. The systems were con- structed to assess the production quality of superconducting electromagnets of the SIS100 synchrotron, a new accelerator being built as part of the Facility of Antiproton and Ion Re- search (FAIR). One of the systems is used for automatic checking of electrical connection parameters and the continuity of electric circuits. The role of the second device is to assess the quality of winding insulation and to estimate circuit parameters of electromagnet coils using the capacitor discharge method. The work presents measurements and analysis of current and voltage waveforms acquired during discharges on a magnet coil simulator and on the SIS100 main dipole electromagnet.
EN
High-Temperature Proton-Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (HT-PEMFCs) are a candidate for electrical energy supply devices in more and more applications. Most notably in the aeronautic industry. Before any use, an HT-PEMFC is preheated and after that supplied with its active gases. Only at this state, the diagnostics can be performed. A method of testing not requiring a complete start-up would be beneficial for many reasons. This article describes an extended version of the charging and discharging diagnostic method of HT-PEMFCs with no active gases. This extended approach is named “Test Without Active Gases” (TWAG). This paper presents original research on the influence of nitrogen temperature and pressure on the HT-PEMFC response to charging and discharging. A lumped-element model of an HT-PEMFC is also presented. A numerical result of using this model to recreate an experimentally obtained curve is also presented.
PL
W referacie przedstawiono metodę pomiaru przemieszczeń poprzecznych kolejowej platformy zawierającej systemy pomiarowe GNSS, INS, MLS oraz fotogrametryczny. Do pomiaru przemieszczeń poprzecznych zastosowano system fotogrametryczny składający się z kamer wizyjnych, oświetlaczy, kontrolera systemu pomiarowego oraz oprogramowania do akwizycji plików. Zaprezentowano algorytm przetwarzania plików rastrowych w celu pomiaru przemieszczeń. Opisano implementację tego algorytmu w programie komputerowym opracowanym w środowisku .NET Framework. Opracowany program jest aplikacją WPF (ang. Windows Presentation Foundation). Zaprezentowano wyniki przemieszczenia poprzecznego platformy pomiarowej do potrzeb korekty współrzędnych systemów GNSS i INS. Badania przeprowadzono w ramach projektu „InnoSatTrack” finansowanego przez NCBR oraz PKP-PLK.
EN
The paper presents a method of measuring lateral displacements of the railway platform. The railway platform contains GNSS, INS, MLS and photogrammetric measuring systems. A photogrammetric system consisting of video cameras, illuminators, a measurement system controller and file acquisition software was used to measure lateral displacements. The report describes processing raster files algorithm to measure displacements. The software implementation in a computer program developed in the .NET Framework environment is outlined. The developed program is a WPF application. Analysis results of the measurement platform’s lateral displacement were derived from the computer application. They are requested for the correction of coordinates of GNSS and INS systems. Research has been conducted as part of the "InnoSatTrack" project funded by NCBR and PKP-PLK.
EN
The article discusses the applicability of a novel method to determine horizontal curvature of the railway track axis based on results of mobile satellite measurements. The method is based on inclination angle changes of a moving chord in the Cartesian coordinate system. In the presented case, the variant referred to as the method of two virtual chords is applied. It consists in maneuvering with only one GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) receiver. The assumptions of the novel method are formulated, and an assessment of its application in the performed campaign of mobile satellite measurements is presented. The shape of the measured railway axis is shown in the national spatial reference system PL-2000, and the speed of the measuring trolley during measurement is calculated based on the recorded coordinates. It has been observed that over the test section, the curvature ordinates differ from the expected waveform, which can be caused by disturbances of the measuring trolley trajectory. However, this problem can easily be overcome by filtering the measured track axis ordinates to obtain the correct shape – this refers to all track segments: straight sections, circular arcs and transition curves. The virtual chord method can also constitute the basis for assessing the quality of the recorded satellite signal. The performed analysis has shown high accuracy of the measuring process.
EN
In the ethanolamine (MEA) solution, during the absorption and desorption of CO2 undesired compounds are produced as a result of degradation of an amine. Degradation not only reduces the absorption capacity of the solution but also leads to many operational problems. Furthermore, measuring of the degradation products is of great importance in terms of environmental issues. For the determination ofMEA degradation products, mainly chromatographic techniques are used, sometimes coupled with other instrumental methods, e.g. GC-MS. As a part of this work, research was conducted to identifyMEA thermal and oxidative degradation products and to develop a method for quantitative analysis of the main thermal degradation products such as OZD, HEIA and HEEDA and oxidative degradation products: HEA and HEI. Samples drawn from a test bench for CO2 capture from synthetic flue gas with an increased content of carbon dioxide were tested. As a research result, a method for the quantitative determination of the main degradation products was developed, the concentrations of degradation products and the rate of their formation were determined, which allows to qualify the solution shelf life.
EN
For many years, satellite systems have seen widespread use in a variety of technical applications, as well as in operations related to setting-out and the exploitation of track infrastructure. Their main applications include an inventory of the trackage course and detecting changes in its position. In both of these tasks, the most important element that determines the quality of an analyses is the high accuracy of the determinations being carried out. Satellite surveying techniques are not always sufficiently accurate, and in such cases, it is necessary to employ other land surveying methods to process surveying data. This article presents the authors’ considerations with regards to the possibility of applying one of the most common land surveying adjustment methods, the parametric method, to operations related to an inventory of tram infrastructure in Gdańsk. The results are based on surveys carried out during a surveying campaign in the autumn of 2018. The considerations presented in the article concern a small part of the research conducted under project No. POIR.04.01.01-00-0017/17 entitled “Development of an innovative method for determining the precise trajectory of a railborne vehicle” which is being implemented by a consortium of Gdansk University of Technology and Gdynia Maritime University
EN
Each year, global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) improve their accuracy, availability, continuity, integrity, and reliability. Due to these continual improvements, the systems are increasingly used in various modes of transport, including rail transport, the subject of this publication. GNSS are used for rail passenger information, rail traffic management, and rail traffic control. These applications differ in the positioning requirements that satellite navigation systems must meet. This article presents the methods and systems of rolling stock location and tracking using the Polish State Railways (PKP) as an example. The information on the equipment used for train positioning is not specified anywhere, hence they may differ, even for the same multiple units travelling in different parts of the country. In addition, the publication presents the progress of the European Train Control System (ETCS) implementation by the PKP.
PL
Niniejszy artykuł nawiązuje do badań, które od 2009 roku prowadzi interdyscyplinarny zespół naukowy z Politechniki Gdańskiej i Uniwersytetu Morskiego w Gdyni. Badania te dotyczą problemu wyznaczania osi toru kolejowego z wykorzystaniem techniki mobilnych pomiarów satelitarnych. Podążając za dynamicznym rozwojem technik GNSS, który można było obserwować w czasie ostatniej dekady, zespół przeprowadzał kolejne doświadczenia nakierowane na opracowanie efektywnej metody pomiarowej. Wykorzystując nabyte w tym okresie doświadczenie, przeprowadzono kolejną kampanię pomiarową na torach tramwajowych w Gdańsku. Nadrzędnym celem tych pomiarów było sprawdzenie, jak w zróżnicowanych warunkach terenowych sprawdzą się nowe założenia dotyczące sposobu mocowania anten oraz ich rozmieszczenia na platformie pomiarowej. Do tego celu wykorzystano dziesięć zestawów odbiorników GNSS oferowanych przez dwóch niezależnych producentów – obecnych liderów na rynku. Wybór poligonu testowego umożliwił analizę powtarzalności uzyskiwanych wyników z wielokrotnych pomiarów w warunkach o zróżnicowanej dostępności sygnałów GNSS. W artykule, w sposób syntetyczny zaprezentowano przebieg przeprowadzonych badań oraz otrzymane rezultaty.
EN
This article refers to research, that has been conducted by an interdisciplinary research team from the Gdańsk University of Technology and the Maritime University in Gdynia since 2009. These investigation concerns the determination of a railway track axis using the mobile satellite measurement technique. Following the dynamic development of GNSS techniques, that could be seen in the last decade, the team carried out further experiments aimed at developing an effective measurement method. Using the acquired experience in this period, another measurement campaign was carried out on the tram tracks in Gdansk. The main goal of these measurements was to check how the new assumptions regarding the method of mounting the antennas as well as their placement on the measuring platform will work in various field conditions. For this purpose, ten sets of GNSS receivers offered by two independent manufacturers – currently market leaders – were used. The choice of testing track section made it possible to analyze the repeatability of results obtained from multiple measurements in conditions of varying GNSS signal availability. The article presents in a synthetic way the course of this research and the obtained results.
10
Content available remote Storage electric multiple units on partially electrified suburban railway lines
EN
The paper presents possible environmental, energy and economical gains implied by replacing conventional traction vehicles with independently powered electric multiple units (IPEMU) on partially electrified suburban railways. IPEMUs can operate in two modes of power supply – using an overhead catenary or the on–board battery storage. Appropriate computer simulations were carried out in the Matlab program, indicating the parameters of storage electric multiple units.
PL
W artykule wskazano na potencjalne korzyści energetyczne, środowiskowe i częściowo ekonomiczne wynikające z zastąpienia konwencjonalnych jednostek trakcyjnych nowymi zasobnikowymi zespołami elektrycznymi mogącymi się poruszać na liniach kolejowych częściowo niezelektryfikowanych. Zespoły te mogą pracować w dwóch trybach – zasilania sieciowego lub zasobnikowego. Przeprowadzono odpowiednie symulacje komputerowe w programie Matlab wskazując na parametry zasobnikowych zespołów trakcyjnych.
EN
This article examines one of the basic issues related to the technique of mobile satellite measurements in railway tracks. This problem concerns the correction of the determined coordinates of the track centerline. The need to perform this operation results from the GNSS receivers positioning at a certain height above the level of the existing track axis, leading to longitudinal and lateral shifts of antennas. The key problem here is the determination of the local horizontal coordinate system in each measured position. For the analysis, the authors defined the directional baseline vector of the measuring platform on the basis of positions given by two satellite antennas, positioned over the pivots of its bogies. This work presents the procedure for determining the corrections values.
PL
W pracy poruszono jedną z podstawowych kwestii związanych z techniką mobilnych pomiarów satelitarnych w torze kolejowym – korygowanie wyznaczonych współrzędnych osi toru. Konieczność przeprowadzenia tej operacji wynika z ustawienia anten GNSS na pewnej wysokości nad poziomem istniejącej osi toru, przy występowaniu jego pochylenia w kierunku podłużnym i poprzecznym. Kluczowym problemem staje się przy tym konieczność określania w każdym punkcie pomiarowym kierunków osi układu współrzędnych w płaszczyźnie poziomej. W omawianej metodzie posłużono się kierunkowym wektorem bazowym, wyznaczonym na podstawie współrzędnych anten usytuowanych nad czopami skrętów obydwu wózków platformy. W pracy przedstawiono procedurę określania wartości korekt.
EN
Determining the course of a railway track axis using satellite methods relies on ensuring the precise assembly of GNSS receivers in dedicated measuring devices. Depending on the number of receivers, solutions that are based on placing the apparatus directly above the railway track axis (as well as in eccentric positions) are used to indirectly obtain data to form the basis of the desired results. This publication describes the installation of five GNSS receivers on a mobile measuring platform as part of the InnoSatTrack project. The methodology and the procedure of the geodetic measurements required to obtain the geometrical configuration of the measuring apparatus, specified in the technical project, are presented. The publication presents the principles of total station measurement methods as well as the steps taken to achieve precise results from staking out. The process of acquiring the same configuration of the GNSS receivers, based on the geometry of the squares on the two measuring platforms that were used in the research, has been shown. The final determination of the position of the receivers did not exceed an error of 0.010 m with an average error of 0.003 m, despite the occurrence of mounting difficulties. The results have demonstrated the high credibility and effectiveness of the presented solution.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono podstawowe informacje dotyczące projektu badawczego realizowanego na zlecenie Narodowego Centrum Badań i Rozwoju oraz Spółki PKP Polskie Linie Kolejowe S. A. przez Konsorcjum Politechniki Gdańskiej i Uniwersytetu Morskiego w Gdyni. Projekt obejmuje wykorzystanie nowoczesnych metod pomiarowych, takich jak techniki pozycjonowania satelitarnego GNSS, pomiary inercyjne INS oraz skaning laserowy LS, w procesie zarządzania siecią dróg kolejowych. Chodzi tutaj o określanie parametrów układu geometrycznego linii kolejowych oraz odtwarzanie trajektorii ruchu pojazdów szynowych. Do uzyskania tego celu zostanie wykorzystana innowacyjna technika mobilnych pomiarów satelitarnych. Przedstawiono opis projektu oraz poszczególne etapy jego realizacji. Omówiono zakres prac badawczych wykonanych w 2018 roku. Politechnika Gdańska przeprowadziła analizę metod określania i oceny kształtu toru, przedstawiła koncepcję badań trajektorii linii kolejowych z wykorzystaniem nawigacji satelitarnej, podjęła kwestię wpływu dynamiki ruchu wagonu pomiarowego na pomiary położenia toru z wykorzystaniem mobilnych technik GNSS/INS oraz zaprezentowała projekt platformy pomiarowej wraz z jego wstępną weryfikacją. Uniwersytet Morski w Gdyni podjął kwestię technologii GNSS/INS/MLS w pomiarach ukształtowania toru, opracował schemat ideowy rozmieszczenia aparatury na mobilnej platformie pomiarowej i określił możliwości poprawy dokładności stosowanego obecnie na PKP sposobu określania lokalizacji pociągów.
EN
In the paper the essential assumptions regarding a research project implemented by a consortium of Gdansk University of Technology and Gdynia Maritime University are presented. The project has been commissioned by National Center of Research and Development with cooperation with Polish Railways (PKP Polskie Linie Kolejowe S.A.). The project is focused in implementation of modern measurement techniques using Global Navigation Positioning System GNSS, Inertial Navigation System INS and Mobile Laser Scanning MLS in a railway network management process. The precise aim of the research is both determine geometric parameters of a railway geometric layout as well as a railway vehicle movement trajectory. For this reason the innovative technique of mobile satellite measurements will be used. In the paper a synthetic description of the project together with the particular stages are presented. Also, a part of research which was realized in 2018 is shown. In the first stage, Gdansk University of Technology made a research of existing common methods for determining and assessing a track alignment, presented an idea of mobile investigation of track axis by the use of satellite measurements, took into consideration an issue of infl uence of dynamic behavior of the measurement vehicle on the accuracy of determined track positions by the use of GNSS/INS techniques and finally presented a technical project of measurement platform. Gdynia Maritime University made a query of GNSS/INS/MLS in measurements of track alignment, elaborated a scheme of measurement devices placement on the mobile measurement platform and studied possibilities of increasing accuracy for estimation a railway vehicle localization in relation to common techniques used by polish train operators.
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