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1

A method of engines’ diagnosis in operationA method of engines’ diagnosis in operationA method of engines’ diagnosis in operation

Sitnik L.J., Sroka Z. J., Wróbel R.

Journal of KONES

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2018

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Vol. 25, No. 3

403--410

EN

It was found that there are discrepancies between the values of diagnostic parameters obtained in the test and natural exploitation. In addition, no appropriate tests are carried out which would be based on the degree of engine degradation in long-term natural use. One of the reasons is the lack of adequate, non-invasive diagnostic methods. The aim of the work was to show the possibility of creating a new diagnostic parameter of combustion engines in their natural operation. The parameter can be determined by a new method (presented in the article). The method is based on the assumption that the technical condition of the engine can be judged on the basis of the run-up curve, and in particular, on the basis of the linear direction coefficient, which is approximated by the points of the run-up curve at particular moments of the run-up. An additional requirement is that the points of the run-up curve are the average value of the speed from many runs. In addition, the statistical distributions of the speed values in the individual moments of the run-up should be of the same type. The direction coefficient of the straight line determined is a diagnostic parameter. The value of the new coefficient is the value of the straight-line factor. Further works are underway to determine the relationship between the directional coefficient and the technical condition of the engine.

2

Solving the problem of air quality in Indian cities by retrofitting the EGR

Sroka Z. J., Walkowiak W., Reksa M., Kolanek C., Pillai C. V.

Combustion Engines

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2018

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R. 57, nr 2

61--66

EN

This paper touches problem of transportation pollution focusing on NOx reducing in the India. There were India country chosen for study as the second populated country and most polluted cities in the world. As from statistics, it is known that more than 65% of Indian cars are old and they are the main reason of air pollution. Most of the old cars do not have any control measures for eliminating deadliest gases. Dumping the old cars is not possible, as the poor owns most of the old cars. For eliminating the pollution from old cars, the possible remedy is to control the emission of pollutants. Comparing to all gases in exhaust, nitrogen oxides are the dangerous one. It can may cause up to death. The best method to control the NOx gas is EGR (Exhaust Gas Recirculation) valves. This research mainly focuses on the possible ways of installing EGR in old engines and fabricate an EGR in one of the Indian cars. Maruti Suzuki 800 is best of for fabricating EGR, as it is a base model and most sold Indian car. As the result, there tremendous decreasing in NOx emission also the emission CO2 was reduced. The investigation about fabricating EGR in old vehicle results a positive output after calculated the cost of the fabrication, time consumption, work challenges and other facts. As Indian government adopt this concept, they can reduce the pollution from all types of vehicles to a great extend in few years of time with low investment.

3

The impact assessment of downsizing on the development of internal combustion engines referring to the competition “engine of the year”

Sroka Z. J.

Journal of KONES

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2015

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Vol. 22, No. 3

229--234

EN

Downsizing internal combustion engine is recognized as one of the development trends of the construction of thermal machines. Based on the design and operational factors of engines that winners are in different categories of the international competition “Engine of the Year” attempted to assess the real impact of the engine miniatu-rization. The paper discusses the idea of the competition and characterizes engines downsizing. Completing the goal of the research carried out various studies linking parameters such as torque and engine power, fuel consumption, carbon dioxide concentration and the downsizing factor. It has been demonstrated fulfilment of the downsizing idea in engineering practice and its impact on the development of the automotive industry. The study indicates that modern internal combustion engines should have a specific power with a value of more than 68 kW/dm3, specific torque factor of 127 Nm/dm3 and the volumetric emission of carbon dioxide form exhaust into the atmosphere should not exceed 83 (g/km)/dm3.

4

Assessment of the engine boost modernized according to the rules of downsizing

Sroka Z. J., Paropkari M.

Journal of KONES

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2015

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Vol. 22, No. 3

235--239

EN

Downsizing is one of the development trends of internal combustion engine due to its direct impact on fuel economy and indirectly in reducing the emission of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Changing the displacement associated with the same engine performance needs support by additional systems, which primarily include the boost. This paper describes downsizing idea, a review of recharging methods and thermodynamic analysis of the combustion process for the chosen engine before and after downsizing taking into account the different variants of boost. The core objective of this study is to downsize a naturally aspirated 1.6L BMW PSA engine by 25% of its initial swept volume and then boosting downsized engine with higher-pressure ratio using the turbocharger set. The study focuses on the analysis of four turbochargers from Garrett turbos. The study winds up with the analysis of engine performance based on the values of compression ratio, air-fuel ratio, polytropic exponents of compression and decompression with keeping the same chemical composition of the fuel. At the end, study was resulted with turbocharger Garrett GT1548 as a the best solution form considered ones, because of: wide range of pressure rate, reasonably sufficient for the engine of this size, enough room (60%) for extracting better performance, lower compression ratio value, which counts the rise of brake mean effective pressure, although to a very little extent and leaner mixture at 1,20 value of the air/fuel ratio with maximum power and reduction of fuel consumption, what was satisfied for downsizing techniques.

5

An impact of engine downsizing on change of engine weight

Sroka Z. J., Cieślak M.

Journal of KONES

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2015

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Vol. 22, No. 2

213--219

EN

One of the trends for development of internal combustion engine is downsizing, which in its final form leads to reduction of fuel consumption and limitation of carbon dioxide concentration in the exhaust gases. The obvious effect of reducing the volume of a cylinder is to reduce the dimensions of the various components, e.g. piston with rings and pin, connecting rod, crankshaft, engine block etc. Changes of geometric dimensions also affect the change in mass of each element and consequently − the whole engine. Expected weight reduction will be a benefit in considering downsizing techniques as another significant development trend in automotive applications associated with a reduction in the weight of the complete vehicle – called “light weight vehicle”. The paper discusses the various forms of downsizing (by stroke, by diameter and mix) and their impacts on the changes in engine mass. The engine Subaru Flat 4, constructed with standard components in terms of design and materials was tested by virtual recognition in mass changes. Original drawings of components and sets have been simplified by for example does not account for chamfers and chops. When calculating also omitted the weight of typical accessories (e.g. fuel lines or electronic components), assuming that each considered option has the same equipment. The highest change in the weight of minus 7.27 % relative to the standard engine was done with downsizing by diameter and smallest one (-6.09 %) by downsizing mix.

6

Mechanical load of piston applied in downsized engine

Sroka Z. J., Dziedzioch D.

Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering

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2015

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Vol. 15, no. 3

663--667

EN

Carbon dioxides, which take part in greenhouse effect and rapid increase of the prices of fuels, are the major reason why it is necessary to design low fuel consumption engines. Automotive sector is one of the few sectors where CO2 emissions are still increasing very fast, reaching a level by 26% in total only from road transport. So, the European Union acts program in cutting overall emission of greenhouse gases and engineers have to care about environment. One of the methods that affect lower fuel consumption is engine downsizing. Downsizing is a method to reduce fuel consumption by decreasing engine swept volume. To achieve the same level of performance it is necessary to apply many techniques, with charging being the first of all. Other suitable techniques e.g. variable valve timing or variable compression ratio are used with various combinations. The subject of this paper was chosen because downsizing is a very interesting trend in automotive engineering. Lots of engines’ manufacturers develop and introduce this method. Moreover ecology and economy are also relevant. The paper considers the downsizing method in case of piston. Analysed parameters e.g. Huber–Mises stress and transitional vector displacement in piston before and after downsizing were studied with Finite Element Method approach.

7

Wybrane zagadnienia teorii tłokowych silników spalinowych w aspekcie zmian objętości skokowej

Sroka Z. J.

Prace Naukowe Instytutu Konstrukcji i Eksploatacji Maszyn Politechniki Wrocławskiej. Monografie

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2013

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Vol. 92, nr 35

1--127

PL

W niniejszej książce zostały opisane zagadnienia związane z zastosowaniem idei downsizingu w odniesieniu do silników spalinowych. Wprowadzono średnicę cylindra i skok tłoka do oceny zjawisk towarzyszących zmianom objętości skokowej jako wskaźniki tych zmian. Takie potraktowanie zagadnienia zmiany objętości porządkuje relacje między parametrami cyklu pracy silnika i wskaźnikami eksploatacyjnymi i konstrukcyjnymi oraz ułatwia wykazanie odmienności efektów, mimo stosowania takich samych zmian objętościowych. Opisano rodzaje zmniejszania objętości skokowej silnika i wprowadzono pojęcie wskaźnika downsizingu. Istotnym osiągnięciem jest wprowadzenie do teorii silników spalinowych zmodyfikowanego wzoru definiującego sprawność uogólnionego cyklu pracy silnika. Przez ocenę wybranych parametrów termodynamicznych, konstrukcyjnych i eksploatacyjnych silnika spalinowego wraz z wykazaniem synergii między nimi podjęto próbę określenia zakresu stosowania zabiegu zmniejszenia objętości skokowej.

EN

This book describes the scientific and engineering topics associated with the use of the idea of downsizing in relation to internal combustion engines. A new approach to the problem of assessing the phenomena of displacement change is introduced by explicitly bore and stroke assessments. Such approach of volume changes organizes the relations between engine working cycle parameters and operational and structural factors as well as to show differences effects despite the use of the same volume changes. The book contains descriptions of types of downsizing and introduces the concept of downsizing index. An important element of the work is a modified formula defines a thermodynamic efficiency of the engine cycle. For the evaluation of engine parameters associated with thermodynamics, design and operation, together with the demonstration of the synergy between them, the author attempts to determine the application range of volume reduction.

8

The impact of fuel properties on shape of injected fuel spray

Reksa M., Sroka Z. J.

Combustion Engines

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2013

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R. 52, nr 3

806--810

EN

The debate on alternative fuels includes quality of combustion process depends on the properties of these fuels. The physicochemical parameters of fuel determine besides other the shape of the fuel jet, which effects on creation of mixture with air. The paper proposes a simplified method for assessing the shape of injected fuel spray based on the analysis of digital photos taken with the ordinary camera. Differences in the core of spray, jet angle and the presence of fuel droplets were presented for three different fuels. The results, described only briefly in this paper, can be helpful during the fuel injector designing or to test the engines.

PL

W dyskusji nad paliwami alternatywnymi przewija się zagadnienie jakości procesu spalania uzależnione od właściwości tych paliw. Parametry fizykochemiczne paliw decydują między innymi o kształcie strugi wtryskiwanego paliwa, co przenosi się na sposób tworzenia mieszaniny z powietrzem. W pracy zaproponowano uproszczoną metodę oceny kształtu strugi wtryskiwanego paliwa na podstawie analizy zdjęć wykonanych kamerą cyfrowego. Wykazano zróżnicowanie w rdzeniu strugi, kącie rozpylenia oraz obecności kropel paliwa dla trzech różnych paliw. Uzyskane wyniki, opisane tylko skrótowo w niniejszej pracy, mogą być pomocne na etapie konstruowania wtryskiwaczy lub podczas badań silnikowych.

9

Evaluation of the thermodynamic combustion process in the engine supplied with gas having a low methane content

Piasecki D., Sroka Z. J.

Combustion Engines

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2013

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R. 52, nr 3

800--805

EN

Exploitation of coal deposits is accompanied by extraction of methane, which can be a fuel for internal combustion engines. Methane with other gases states mixture with different chemical composition. It is called mine gas. Differences in the composition and the ability to lean combustion is explored in this study, where the authors have focused their attention on the selected thermodynamic parameters and operating indicators of internal combustion engine. The assessment was made on the virtual engine, which is a compilation of the actual engine, demonstrating the need for assistive technology such as charging, variable valve timing and variable compression ratio. They provide energy, despite the restrictions of the poor in the methane deposits to maintain the desired output power and reduced fuel consumption by ensuring environment-friendly operation.

PL

Eksploatacji złóż węgla kamiennego towarzyszy wydobywanie się metanu, który może stanowić paliwo do tłokowych silników spalinowych. Metan występuje w mieszaninie z innymi gazami i stanowi tzw. gaz kopalniany o zróżnicowanym składzie chemicznym. Różnice w składzie oraz możliwość spalania mieszanek ubogich jest przedmiotem rozważań w niniejszej pracy, gdzie autorzy skupili swoją uwagę na wybranych parametrach termodynamicznych i wskaźnikach pracy silnika spalinowego. Ocenę dokonano na wirtualnym silniku, będącym kompilacją silników rzeczywistych, wykazując konieczność stosowania technik wspomagających jak: doładowanie, zmienne fazy rozrządu czy zmienny stopień sprężania. Zapewniają one mimo ograniczeń energetycznych związanych z ubogimi w metan złożami gazu kopalnianego utrzymanie na pożądanym poziomie mocy paliwowej, a przez zmniejszone zużycie paliwa zagwarantowanie proekologicznej eksploatacji.

10

Thermal load of tuned piston

Sroka Z. J.

Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering

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2012

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Vol. 12, no. 3

342--347

EN

The effect of modernization (constructional changing) of piston of the combustion engine on its thermal load is the main goal of this project. Tuning can be done by different modernization processes to improve engine operating parameters including efficiency. In this project the piston was tuned by redesigning geometry (some piston walls) and by mass reduction. Changes were verified by thermal analysis via ANSYS software. It can be proved as follows: - mass reduction by almost 30%, - increasing average piston speed of 10%, - decreasing mean effective pressure of 18%, - creasing max temperature of the piston body about 40%. The analysis shows the possibility of the piston tuning but with respect to thermal load which can lead to the engine damage.

11

The analysis of diesel engine performance equipped with inner catalyst

Janicka A., Sroka Z. J., Walkowiak W.

Silniki Spalinowe

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2011

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R. 50, nr 3

EN

The paper presents the results of the research focused on the effect of inner catalyst on diesel engine operating performance. The active factor was applied on the engine valves surface and implemented into combustion space. The method of inner catalyst preparation is shown. The methodology of the engine's test in the laboratory is proposed, too. Platinum and rhodium were applied as active factors. The plasma-sprayed zirconium ceramic was used as catalyst support. The ceramic coating contributes also a local thermal barrier and causes increasing the temperature in zone of catalyst application what can result in catalyst effectiveness improvement. The engine's test bed was equipped with in-cylinder pressure and temperature measurement systems. Several engine's operating parameters were tested e.g.: engine power, engine speed, fuel consumption and exhaust gases toxicity (especially PAHs and VOCs concentration).

PL

W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań, których celem była ocena wpływu zastosowania katalizatora umieszczonego wewnątrz cylindra silnika o zapłonie samoczynnym na parametry pracy tego silnika. Zaprezentowano metodę preparatyki katalizatora jak również metodę oceny skuteczności zaproponowanego rozwiązania na stanowisku hamownianym. Jako czynnik aktywny katalitycznie podczas realizacji badań wykorzystano platynę oraz rod. Warstwę nośną katalizatora stanowiła ceramika cyrkonowa naniesiona metodą natryskiwania plazmowego na wybrane elementy silnika (zawory silnikowe). Warstwa ceramiczna stanowiła nie tylko nośnik katalizatora pozwalający rozwinąć jego powierzchnię ale również lokalną barierę termiczną. Stanowisko do badań silnikowych (hamownia) wyposażona była w układ pomiaru ciśnień i temperatur wewnątrz cylindra. Monitorowano następujące parametry: moc silnika, zużycie paliwa jak również toksyczność spalin (w szczególności emisję szczególnie toksycznych wielopierścieniowych węglowodorów aromatycznych oraz lotnych związków organicznych).

12

Thermal loads of engines for different properties of commercial fuels

Sroka Z. J., Reksa M., Miksiewicz K.

Journal of KONES

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2008

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Vol. 15, No. 2

463-467

EN

It is oblivious, various properties of fuels cause different thermal loads of engines. Question is, how big is this effect and what fuel compound and its property play insignificant part. This paper is focused on problem of quality of diesel commercial fuels in Polish market and it is a challenge to find answer for question mentioned above. The academic staff from Wroclaw University of Technology organized tests with different commercial fuels. Chemical and physical properties of these fuels were studied and used for investigation to define relationships between them and thermal load during simulation process. All researches were done in the lab of Division of Motor Vehicles and Internal Combustion Engines at the Wroclaw University of Technology. Tests have showed differences in chemical and physical properties of fuels, but there is no statistics effect on engine parameters. Results have not also pointed any important differences in thermal loads of engine VW1,9 TDI and its components according to different physical and chemical properties of tested fuels. It is probably because there are differences of calorific values from one side but from other hands various density and specific fuel consumption compensated these differences. To burn unit of fuel contains higher level of oxygen, engine needs lower amount of air, so it gives, for the same fuelling system, lean mixture. It causes higher temperature of exhaust gases and a bit higher exhaust losses

13

Exhaust gas toxicity problems in ship drives

Kolanek C., Sroka Z. J., Walkowiak W. W.

Polish Maritime Research

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2007

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S 1

46-52

EN

The issues discussed in the article include exhaust gas emission, purity requirements and standards, methods of reducing the emission of harmful exhaust gas components, and alternative and future traction drive sources having the form of fuel cells. The discussion often refers to the situation of road transport, a subsystem which severely affects the environment and thus is obliged to intensify the search for solutions.

14

Thermodynamic cycle of combustion engine with hydrogen fuelling

Sroka Z. J.

Journal of KONES

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2007

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Vol. 14, No. 3

573-578

EN

Shortage of crude oil gives the reason to look for any alternative engine fuel. One of them is the hydrogen, which will be the most lean fuel between others. Knowledge of hydrogen as an engine fuel, its properties, production and storage problems were analyzed in this paper. At the end own hydrogen concept based on Fiat engine 900ccm was shown. Theoretical comparison between thermodynamic cycles for engine run on conventional petrol and hydrogen was done. Results have given the green light to future development. Petroleum recourses run out have given the reasons to find alternative fuel. One of them could be hydrogen. According to analyze done in the project it can be found similarity between hydrogen engine with 1=1,0 to petrol engine with 1=0,9. Pressure of hydrogen charge is in this case higher of 0.42 mpa and there is calculated in strength of existing engine. The results of estimation show possibility to use hydrogen as a engine fuel, maybe first as a dual-fuel engine like LPG system. Emissions of nox for hydrogen engine as well as theoretical engine work cycles for analyzed cases are illustrated in the engine.

15

An effect of physical and chemical properties of commercial diesel fuels on engine parameters

Sroka Z. J., Reksa M., Kułażyński M.

Journal of KONES

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2007

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Vol. 14, No. 4

447-452

EN

This paper is focused on problem of quality of diesel commercial fuels in Polish market and an effect of their properties as well on engine parameters as environment The academic staff from Wrocław University of Technology put the own experience to the huge discussion by making research in the Wroclaw-city, where some probes of fuels were taken from six different commercial fuel stations. Chemical and physical properties of fuels were checked. A real diesel engine VW 1,9 TDI was investigated in university lab of Division of Motor Vehicles and Internal Combustion Engines. Typical engine performances were built including power, torque, fuel consumption, toxicity levels due to different fuels. The IC engine on the test bench, oxygen content in fuels, example of full load performance of VW1,9 TDI for fuel Bio D20-type, differences of mean effective pressure for different fuels, differences of carbon monoxide in exhaust for different fuels, differences of nitric oxides in exhaust for different fuels, differences of smog level in exhaust for different fuels, differences of heat release for different fuels, relation between engine torque and oxygen content in fuels vs. engine rotation are presented in the paper.

16

Durability of engine components due to alternative fuels

Sroka Z. J.

Eksploatacja i Niezawodność

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2007

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nr 4

9-15

EN

Shortage of crude oil gives the reason to look for alternative engine fuels. Some of them are well known like: gas-fuels - LPG, CNG, LNG, bio-fuels - RME, B10, B20 etc. or very future like hydrogen. There are many problems to solve being sure that they are actual alternative fuels - engine effi ciency, ecology, emission. Among of them, the durability of engine due to different fuel is the crucial point of many research discussion. The paper includes info about: durability of technical object, combustion engine as a technical system, engine fuels and their features and example of engine wear performance due to rape methyl ester fuel, natural gas fuel experience, hydrogen thermodynamic effect and small case of prediction of life time.

17

Obciążenie cieplne silnika spalinowego zasilanego podtlenkiem azotu - na przykładzie silnika Fiata Punto 1,2 8V

Sroka Z. J.

Silniki Spalinowe

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2005

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R. 44, nr 4

51--59

PL

Zespół działań modernizacyjnych, prowadzących do poprawy sprawności istniejącego silnika spalinowego, nazywany tuningiem, wymaga analizy zmian termodynamicznych procesu spalania oraz oceny trwałości silnika. W niniejszym artykule omówiono różne formy tuningu, zwracając szczególną uwagę na użycie podtlenku azotu. Przeprowadzono teoretyczną analizę zmiany obciążenia cieplnego tłoka i wzrostu intensywności zużycia pierścieni tłokowych.

EN

An improvement of efficiency of modern combustion engines is otherwise known as automotive tuning. It needs thermal and durability analyses. Various forms of automotive tuning have been discussed in this paper but the application of nitrogen monoxide (NOS) has been given special attention. Some analyses of thermal load of piston and wear rate of piston rings have been performed.

18

Komputerowe wspomaganie oceny termodynamicznych i wytrzymałościowych parametrów tuningowanego silnika spalinowego

Sroka Z. J., Wolański M.

Systems : journal of transdisciplinary systems science

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2004

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Vol. 9, No. sp. II

790-796

PL

Tuning silnika spalinowego jest to zbiór działań modernizacyjnych, prowadzących do poprawy jego sprawności. W praktyce warsztatowej prace tuningowe są wykonywane często w oparciu o technikę „prób i błędów", co oczywiście wydłuża czas modernizacji, podraża koszty, a czasami prowadzi do błędnych rozwiązań. Współczesna praktyka inżynierska nakazuje, aby projektowanie zmian tuningowych silników spalinowych wspomóc komputerowo. Umożliwia to prowadzenie obliczeń na szeroką skalą - z wykorzystaniem wielu modeli, stworzeniem dużej ilości wariantów rozwiązań i wyborem najkorzystniejszego spośród nich - zanim zostaną wykonane jakiekolwiek prace na obiekcie rzeczywistym. W niniejszej pracy przedstawiono przykładowa komputerowo wspomaganą analizę cieplnych i wytrzymałościowych parametrów silnika spalinowego poddanego zabiegom tuningowym.

EN

Tuning of internal combustion engine means modernization to improve its efficiency. In service often tuning is made "do and look". Each tuning operation needs energetic and thermal analyses. The garage service teams make often tuning follow the technique "do and then look". It takes time, money and sometimes gives mistakes. Nowadays Computer Aided Engineering technology can be employed to make tuning. There are many possibilities to check and change some parameters of engine work looking for the best solution. It is necessary to develop CAE for timing engine to give quick and right answers for automotive engineers - especially involved in car racing.

19

Computer-aided investigations of diesel emissions from pushers

Kolanek C., Sroka Z. J., Walkowiak W.

Systems : journal of transdisciplinary systems science

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2004

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Vol. 9, No. sp. I

59-66

EN

Emissions from diesel engines are significant contributors to the total pollution. Some of them come from the power plants used in inland water vessels. Emissions are an important factor to be considered when creating an environmentally safe logistics system. As part of a project funded by the European Community within the 5th. Framework Program G3RD-CT-2001-045S 1NBAT - Innovative Barge Trains for Effective Transport on Shallow Waters, diesel emissions from pushers were investigated. The measurement results were analysed using a computer.

PL

Celem niniejszej pracy było zaadaptowanie systemów komputerowych do oceny zanieczyszczeń środowiska wywołanych emisją toksycznych związków przez napęd pchaczy śródlądowych, eksploatowanych na rzece Odra. W czasie realizacji zadań zidentyfikowano typowe stany eksploatacji pociągów rzecznych oraz zmierzono stężenia toksycznych składników spalin napędu głównego. Dane te poddano szerokiej obróbce matematycznej, której powtarzalność /abiegów i czasochłonność wymagały zastosowania techniki komputerowej. Do badań wykorzystano zestawy pchane składające się z pchacza typu Bizon III I barek BP500, z których każda może przewieźć 500 ton ładunku. Źródłem napędu pchaczy Bizon są silniki Wola-Henschel o mocy 140-155 kW. Uzyskane wyniki wskazują na stosunkowo niski poziom stężenia siarki i tlenku węgla, jak również zadymienia spalin, natomiast poziom tlenku azotu jest wysoki - przekraczający dopuszczalne limity. Podczas badań zarejestrowano również takie stany, które znacznie odbiegają od norm - są to przypadki gwałtownego przyspieszenia. Te poddano szczegółowej analizie komputerowej. Zmierzone i obliczone dane stanowią podstawę do prac nad system oczyszczania spalin w silnikach transportu rzecznego.

20

Computer aided engineering employed to analyse temperature at the outside wall of diesel engine

Sroka Z. J.

Systems : journal of transdisciplinary systems science

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2004

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Vol. 9, No. sp. I

86-91

EN

One of the most important thing caused degradation of diesel engine construction is thermal load. It comes from many processes: the combustion, friction, fluids flows (water, oil), ambient conditions etc. One possibility for the identification of the heat phenomenon mechanism is to perform experiment using thermography technique, which fulfils all requirements given newest measurement methods: direct, dynamics, parallel, accuracy and non-contact. The thermograms, taken during tests need right and quick analysis to make decision about any changes in design or thermodynamics process, for example. Computer Aided Engineering can be adopted to this.

PL

Obciążenie cieplne silnika spalinowego jest znaczące w ocenie jego degradacji. Jest ono pochodną wielu procesów zachodzących w silniku tj.: procesu spalania mieszanki paliwo-wo-powietrznej, tarcia między elementami, przepływów cieczy (czynnika chłodzącego i oleju), warunków atmosferycznych itd. Ocena zjawisk termicznych jest możliwa przez zastosowanie techniki termowiżji, która speinia wymagania nowoczesnych metod pomiarowych. Pomiar odbywa się w czasie rzeczywistym, jest to technika nieinwazyjna, istnieje możliwość równoległego śledzenia wielu punktów pomiarowych, gwarantuje wysoką dokładność pomiarową. Termogramy, tj. obrazy termiczne pozyskane podczas pomiarów wymagają często dodatkowej analizy, chociażby ze względu na budowę modeli matematycznych niezbędnych do dalszych prac na kształtowaniem procesu spalania, prognostyki trwałości itp. Technika CAE - komputerowa wspomaganie prac inżynierskich nadaje się do takich celów znakomicie. W pracy przedstawiono propozycję zastosowania techniki komputerowej do graficznej formy zapisu uzyskanych wyników jak i możliwość budowy modeli matematycznych opisujących stany rozgrzewania i chłodzenia silnika spalinowego.