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Ewolucja poglądów na temat roli i funkcji naukowych kartografii polskiej

Grygorenko W.

Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki

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2001

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R. 46, nr 3

7--30

EN

Cartography is the science o f representing and investigating the spatial distribution, as well as the properties of natural features and of the interrelationships between them. Cartography is also concerned with the changes over time that such features and interrelationships undergo and investigates them by constructing spatio-temporal models of geographic reality in the form of maps, charts or other forms of cartographic representation. The term ‘cartography’ goes back to antiquity, but as a scientific notion it did not appear until the middle of the 19th century. The beginning of the 20th century was a period of great significance for the development of cartography, for it was then that measuring instruments were perfected, and triangulation and levelling networks made more accurate, which led to an increase in the accuracy of topographic surveys. As a result, cartography nowadays can devote its attention to the whole range of issues involved in providing the economy, science and culture with adequate cartographic documentation indispensable in planning and implementing economic and technological tasks, as well as in scientific research on a national, regional and local scale. Three epochs in the development of cartography can be distinguished: 1. From antiquity until the middle of the 16th century, when cartography was identified with geography, and maps were a form of describing the geographic reality of the globe; cartography in that period was viewed as more of a graphic art. 2. From the middle of the 16th century until the middle of 20th century, when cartography was a method of measurement and as such it formed part of surveying, being considered a technical discipline. 3. Since the middle of the 20th century cartography has been a branch of geography, and maps have been treated as a product of creative processing of data, as well as a source material for comprehensive interpretation. The year 2001 sees the 580th anniversary of Polish cartography entering the scene of European science - in the year 1421, during a court case in Rome on the territorial dispute between the Teutonic Order and Poland, the Poles presented their claims on a map. The present article discusses the development of Polish cartography, concentrating on five areas: (i) cartographic works (maps), (ii) cartographic writing in science and for purposes of textbook development; (iii) cartographic research and teaching institutions; (iv) the organization of cartographic services; and (v) the research and technical achievements of cartography.

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Proces kartowania tematycznego jako procedura syntetyzowania treści mapy

Grygorenko W.

Geodezja i Kartografia

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1999

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T. 48, z. 3-4

175-178

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Opracowanie mapy jako metoda modelowania naukowego rzeczywistości geograficznej

Grygorenko W.

Geodezja i Kartografia

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1999

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T. 48, z. 3-4

169-173

4

Nawigacja w regionach wysokich szerokości geograficznych

Grygorenko W.

Przegląd Geodezyjny

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1998

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R. 70, nr 11

14-15