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Evaluation of Ecological Adaptability of Oilseed Radish (Raphanus sativus L. var. oleiformis Pers.) Biopotential Realization in the System of Criteria for Multi-Service Cover Crop

Tsytsiura Yaroslav

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2024

Vol. 25, nr 7

265--285

The article presents the results of a ten-year cycle of studying oilseed radish in the variant of two sowing dates. The technological regulations of the applied sowing options correspond to the classical scheme of spring sowing period and intermediate (post-harvest, post-mowing varieties) in the summer sowing period. The research evaluated the first block of indicators of the multi-service cover crop (MSCC) criteria system. The assessment of the first component of the MSCC system included indicators of the formed aboveground and underground plant biomass with details on such components as the dynamics of mass growth and soil coverage, the structure of the aboveground mass by the proportion of leaves, stems and generative part, complex morphometry by the vitality index, plant survival and root system productivity for both sowing dates. Significant levels of ecological adaptability of oilseed radish with the possibility of forming levels of total bioproductivity in the range of 4–7 t·ha-1 of dry matter at a wide range of average daily temperatures (14–22°C) and precipitation of 29–290 mm were established. It was determined that at high rates of growth processes with the level of achievement of the ‘ground cover’ indicator at 70% on 45–50 days after sowing, high plant survival at the level of 70–80% during intermediate summer use, the formation of an optimized structure with a leafiness at the level of 30–49% at the milestone date of use, with an achievable root system productivity coefficient of 4.7 (in dry matter) and the formation of total plant biomass at the level of 2.0–4.0 t·ha-1 of dry matter even under conditions of IDM<10 and Kh< 0.5, oilseed radish should be classified as a crop that fully corresponds the criteria of the first general productive block of the MSCC system.

Ecological Approach to the Identification of the Degree of Phytophage Damage Based on Chlorophyll Fluorescence Induction in Oilseed Radish (Raphanus sativus L. var. oleiformis Pers.)

Tsytsiura Yaroslav

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2024

Vol. 25, nr 2

227--243

The article presented describes a comprehensive study using chlorophyll fluorescence induction (CFI) as a non-destructive method for assessing phytophagous damage, particularly by cruciferous fleas, in oilseed radish (Raphanus sativus l. var. oleiformis Pers.) during early developmental stages. This method has been adapted for ecological monitoring and has implications for building ecological prognostic models. Several key parameters were measured and analyzed in relation to environmental stressors as well as plant damage, according to the basic indicators of the chlorophyll fluorescence induction curve (CFI) in relation to different gradations of cotyledon damage in the interval ‘traces of damage – 70% damage’ for three varieties. Typical CFI curves of cotyledons for different varieties of oilseed rape with different degrees of damage were constructed and its reliability (factor-dispersion and correlation schemes) was evaluated in the practice of indirect identification of adaptive plant response to the stress caused by pest damage with the assessment of the interaction of this damage with environmental parameters of the environment at different levels of stressfulness of the year from the standpoint of hydrothermal moisture regimes. This made it possible to expand the possibility of building ecological prognostic models for assessing the stress response systems of plant development in case of their damage in the early stages of growth processes. A decrease in the basic criteria of the chlorophyll fluorescence curve (F0, Fpl, Fm, Fst) in the range of 20.78–34.56% in the conjugate system damage degree-environmental stress of the period was established. This led to a decrease in the cotyledon water potential (Lwp) in the range of 3.7–41.2%, the plant viability index (RFd) in the range of 8.3–40.1%, and an increase in the indicator of endogenous (stress) factors (Kef) by 6.5–36.4%. On the basis of these studies, the possibility of using the chlorophyll fluorescence method for ecological and entomological analysis of the stress response of plants to the degree of damage to the primary assimilative cotyledonous tissues of plants at different levels of hydrothermal support during their growth period was proven.