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Magnetic structure of polluted soil profiles from Eastern Ukraine

Jeleńska M., Hasso-Agopsowicz A., Kądziałko-Hofmokl M., Kopcewicz B., Sukhorada A., Bondar K., Matviishina Z.

Acta Geophysica

2008

Vol. 56, no. 4

1043-1064

Our study concerned magnetic properties of soil profiles taken from polluted regions of Eastern Ukraine around the industrial centres Krivyj Rig, Mariupol and Komsomolsk. Soils represent chernozem and podzoluvisol. The low-field magnetic susceptibility shows enhancement in the topsoil caused by contamination by coarse-grain magnetite connected with industrial pollution. Magnetic mineralogy was determined by means of thermal demagnetisation of SIRM, monitoring of susceptibility changes during warming from -196°C to room temperature and heating to 700°C, and Mössbauer analysis. Granulometry of magnetic particles was investigated by determination of hysteresis parameters, susceptibility, M s , SIRM and ARM ratios and frequency dependence of susceptibility. The chemical parameters, namely pH, organic carbon and iron content in different pedogenic and lithogenic minerals, measured for particular horizons determined pedogenic characteristic of soil profiles. Our study showed that differences in magnetic parameters of non-polluted and polluted soil profiles are not limited to the topsoil, but reach deep layers of the parent material. Industrial pollution promotes formation of the so-called “pedogenic” SP and SD particles in these layers.

Wpływ zanieczyszczeń metalurgicznych na charakterystyki magnetyczne czarnoziemów

Hasso-Agopsowicz A., Jeleńska M., Wicik B.

Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska

2006

Vol. 15, No. 1

103--113

The pollutants, that are widely emitted to the environment by metallurgy, energetic industry or transport, are strongly magnetic. In consequence. magnetic measurements can be applied to investigate soil contamination. This study takes into consideration the influence of pedogenic processes on values and distribution of magnetic parameters along northem (Polish) and Southern (Ukrainian) chemozem profiles, developed in different climatic zones. The impact of metallurgical dust on the soil contamination was evaluated in polluted chemozem profiles by the comparison to their unpolluted counterparts. Magnetic investigations were complemented by chemical analysis of iron and organic carbon content. Magnetic characteristics of unpolluted profiles reveal the similarity of pedogenic processes accompanying the development of investigated soils. In both areas, the ferrimagnetic fraction (magnetite and/or maghemite) dominates in the surface soil and reflects in the elevated susceptibility (χ) and suppressed remanence coercivity (Hcr) values in comparison to those observed in loess, where antiferromagnetic hematite and paramagnetic minerals prevail. Although, due to the lower iron content in northem chemozems, the Polish chemozem is about half as magnetic as its Ukrainian counterpart, the ratios of soil susceptibility to the susceptibility of loess, χ/χc, representing their natural enrichment in ferrimagnetic fraction with respect to the available Fe supply, varies in a narrow range. Low temperature susceptibility changes κ(T) demonstrate the difference in granulity of magnetic fraction: presence of strongly magnetic superparamagnetic fraction in the surface soil of southem chemozem , and the single domain grains in the surface 10 cm layer and superparamagnetic fraction at a depth of 40 cm in northern chemozem. The nonstochiometric magnetite occurs all along the Polish profile, whereas in the Ukrainian soil the maghemite is observed. These differences can be ascribed to the impaired aeration and inereased precipitation in Polish climate. Contaminated profiles display significant inerease of susceptibility in the uppermost 40-cm layer that express in considerably inereased χ/χc ratio. Thermomagnetic analyses reveal the dominance of stochiometric multidomain magnetite in this layer, characteristic for the industrialny-derived magnetic minerals. Also the significant decrease of the anhisteretic remanence to saturation remanence ratio (ARM/SIRM < 1,5%) confirms the substantial share o f coarse-grained magnetic fraction in the uppersoil of polluted profiles. Slightly inereased χ values (and organic matter content) to a depth of about 140 cm, in comparison to unpolluted counterparts, suggest the penetration o f Fe-humic complexes into the depth of soil caused by the soil degradation process. The results demonstrate that magnetic parameters reflects processes occurring in the surface as well as in whole soil profiles. Therefore, magnetic analysis can be successfully implemented to monitor the changes in soil under the influence of various environmental factors, including pollution, and to assess the impact of rapid and unsustainable industrialization on the environment.