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Editorial - Special issue section on Brain-like Computing and Applications

Miki T., Yamakawa T.

Journal of Automation Mobile Robotics and Intelligent Systems

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2010

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Vol. 4, No. 2

23-24

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A human robot interaction by a model of the emotional learning in the brain

Sonoh S., Aou S., Horio K., Tamukoh H., Koga T., Yamakawa T.

Journal of Automation Mobile Robotics and Intelligent Systems

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2010

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Vol. 4, No. 2

48-54

EN

In this paper, we proposed an emotional expression system as a brain-inspired system. The emotional expression was achieved by an Emotional expression Model of the Amygdala (EMA), which was an engineering model inspired by an emotional learning in the brain. EMA can realize both recognition of sensory inputs and a classical conditioning of emotional inputs. Furthermore, a specific hardware of EMA was developed with a massively parallel architecture by using an FPGA, and achieved a calculation speed that is over 20 times faster than an embedded general-purpose computer. Finally, we confirmed an effectiveness of a human-robot interaction with the emotions, which were generated by the proposed emotional expression system.

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Irreversible blocking of polar excitations on frog sciatic nerve using semiconductor pulse laser irradiation

Hirayama Y., Ishizuka S., Yamakawa T.

Journal of Automation Mobile Robotics and Intelligent Systems

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2009

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Vol. 3, No. 4

210-212

EN

The final purpose of our research is to cripple the epileptogenic focus by laser irradiation. However, the effect of laser irradiation on brain nerves is not well known. In this paper, we observed laser irradiation to the transmission of action potential of a bullfrog sciatic nerve in the experiment. In addition the marginal amplitude of laser energy is obtained. The bullfrog nerve preparations were stimulated supramaximal intensity pulse. The pulse width and the pulse interval are 1 msec and 1 sec, respectively. A semiconductor pulse laser irradiation (the wavelength, the pulse width and the frequency are 808 nm, 990 µsec and 50 Hz, respectively) was employed until when the amplitude of the action potential decreases to 10 %. The laser light was irradiated to the portion between two electrode pairs for recording. The energy of the laser is variable between 13.9- 202.5 mJ/cm2. The laser irradiator is connected to an optical fiber whose diameter is 1 mm. The action potential of the sciatic nerve is observed at 1 day after in order to confirm irreversibility. The experiment was delivered by the laser pulse, the energy of which over 32.9 mJ/cm2. The peak of action potential was decreased gradually by laser irradiation with depending on the time of irradiation. The time to blocking is reciprocally proportional to laser energy. At a day after the experiment, the action potential was not recovered. This result shows the laser irradiation give irreversible blocking to polar excitations. We observed the frog sciatic nerve is damaged by laser irradiation. The results show a possibility that the epileptogenic focus can be crippled by laser irradiation. We are going to have more experiments and obtain important laser parameters. In the future, the experiment and the result are expanded using rat brain and applied human surgery.

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Epileptic burst measurement using microelectrodes equipped on a cryogenic microprobe for minimally invasive brain surgery of intractable epilepsy treatment

Yamakawa T., Yamakawa T., Ishizuka S., Grigorievich Z. L., Suzuki M., Fujii M.

Journal of Automation Mobile Robotics and Intelligent Systems

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2009

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Vol. 3, No. 4

76-79

EN

A microprobing system, which has the functions of measuring the intracranial EEG(IC-EEG) and freezing brain tissue, is proposed for the minimally invasive brain cryogenic surgery of intractable epilepsy treatment. Two fi76 µm platinum electrodes were equipped on a fi0.8 mm cryogenic probe. Epileptic burst, which was evoked on a brain sample of a rat, was measured by the electrodes. The freezing function was confirmed with the experiments with sliced hippocampus samples of a rat.