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1

Environmentally-friendly use of waste biomass in protected areas

Baron J., Bulewicz E.M., Kandefer S., Pilawska M., Żukowski W.

Environment Protection Engineering

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2006

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Vol. 32, nr 1

35-40

EN

Much of air pollution is due to burning of fossil fuels, but some purpose-produced biofuels and biowastes can be burned very cleanly. Historic towns should maintain high standards of air purity, but deriving all heat and power from burning of biomass cannot be feasible, but using some biowastes can help locally, with savings on energy transport and flue gas cleaning systems. It can also contribute to reducing greenhouse emissions. This has been demonstrated, e.g., at Niepo3omice where several types of waste have been effectively and cleanly burned.

PL

Wiele zanieczyszczeń powietrza powstaje w wyniku spalania paliw kopalnych, ale niektóre specjalnie produkowane biopaliwa spalają się bez wydzielania zanieczyszczeń. W miastach historycznych wymaga się, aby powietrze spełniało wysokie standardy czystości, lecz całego potrzebnego ciepła i energii nie da się tu uzyskać ze spalania biomasy. Jednak stosowanie niektórych odpadów organicznych może się przy-dać lokalnie, przyczyniając się do oszczędności na transporcie ciepła i oczyszczaniu gazów kominowych. Może to też pomóc ograniczyć emisję gazów cieplarnianych, co zostało zademonstrowane np. w Niepo-łomicach, gdzie spalano skutecznie i stosunkowo czysto kilka typów odpadów.

2

FBC technology in waste combustion - focus on emission

Pilawska M., Lu J., Yue G., Kandefer S.

Archivum Combustionis

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2006

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Vol. 26 nr 3-4

145-161

EN

The paper presents the results from studies on co-combustion of dry, "high" calorific value wastes with/without supplementary fuels. Two fluidisation techniques were employed, circulating and bubbling, in facilities of three sizes; a bench scale circulating fluidized bed combustor (CFBC) designed to burn coal and two were bubbling fluidised bed reactors (BFBC): ˜ 100 kW th with a ceramic-lined combustion chamber and outer insulation of the freeboard and 1 MW th insulated reactor burning wastes. Tests have been carried out in the CFBC reactor using coal or pelletised Refuse Derived Fuels (RDF) separately or mixed together. Municipal Segregated wastes (MSW) alone and mixed with Wood Waste (WW) were burned in the BFBC reactors. In the BFBC experiments, continuous record were obtained of temperature and flue gas concentrations of O2, CO, SO2, NO, NO2 and VOC. With the CFBC unit, continuous measurements of temperature, bed pressure at different heights and concentrations of O2, CO, SO2, NO, NO2 in the flue gases were made. The air excess (in the freeboard) was continuously measured. With both types of combustor, bed and fly ashes were sampled for analysis. It has been demonstrated that the fluidized bed technology can not only be used for disposing of wastes, but also for co-firing with regular fuel, while conforming to environmental standarts.

3

Combustion of Gases and Vapours in Bubbling Fludized Beds

Bulewicz E. M., Baron J., Żukowski W., Kandefer S., Pilawska M.

Archivum Combustionis

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2002

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Vol. 22 nr 3-4

99-112

EN

The combustion of gases and combustible vapours has been studied in a laboratory size quartz fluidized bed reactor. The fuel and air were premixed and burned in a bed of quartz sand, usually with oxygen in excess. The temperature of the reactor could be continuously varied between about 700 and 1050 C, independently of the gas composition. The bed temperature was monitored at two heights above the distributor and the off gases were continuously analysed for O2, CO2, CO, NO, NO2 and total unburned hydrocarbons. Acoustic and pressure signals were also registered and video records of the combustion process were obtained. The results can be interpreted in terms of the most probable chemical processes, taking place mostly in the bubble phase.