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Metoda i urządzenia do oceny stanu nawierzchni lotniska trawiastego

Pytka J., Tarkowski P., Kaznowski Ł., Piaskowski M.

Pomiary Automatyka Kontrola

2014

R. 60, nr 8

637--640

W pracy przedstawiono podstawy teoretyczne metody oceny gruntowych i trawiastych nawierzchni lotniskowych a także opisano narzędzia, metody, urządzenia badawczo-pomiarowe. Należą do nich: wózek dynamometryczny, ręczny tester nawierzchni oraz LIDAR (skaner optoelektroniczny 3D). Zamieszczono przykładowe wyniki pomiarów.

The paper is devoted to a new method for assessment of the grassy airfield surface. The existing methods are based on soil related parameters such as CI (Cone Index) or CBR (California Bearing Ratio). One disadvantage of those methods is that the prediction of ground performance of an aircraft on a soft surface requires recalculation and conversion when calculating the takeoff or the landing of ground roll distances. Therefore, the authors’ idea was to introduce a method based on direct coefficients, related to the wheel performance. The knowledge of the actual values of rolling resistance and braking friction facilitates predicting the airplane ground performance in order to perform safe operations. We developed two original measuring devices, a single wheel tester and a portable surface tester. The devices are presented in this paper together with schematics and illustrations. The wheel tester was designed with the use of an airplane landing gear wheel, into which a five-element, wheel dynamometer was embedded. The measuring wheel was mounted on a trailer and the complete wheel tester was carried on a base vehicle (SUV). The second device is a portable tester, operated by a single technician. The portable tester was built with the use of a scale wheel (a model airplane landing gear wheel), which was supported on two load cells. The load cells measure surface reaction forces acting on a wheel during low speed rolling and braking. Another important parameter of a grassy surface is its roughness. It is almost impossible to maintain the grassy surface so that it is perfectly smooth. A typical grass field is a living ecosystem, which transforms its external shape and builds a rough surface. This must be monitored and for this purpose we used a commercially available LIDAR device. The LIDAR operates on a principle of light odometer and it allows 1mm resolution in short distance measurements. The paper includes the primarily results obtained in field experiments with the use of the presented devices. It can be concluded that the presented method may set fundamentals of a new system for assessment of grassy airfields. Further studies and research should focus on validation of the method and preparation for certification.