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Selected properties of concrete with recycled aggregate subjected to biodeposition

Grabiec A. M., Zawal D., Starzyk J., Krupa-Palacz D.

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences

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2019

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Vol. 67, nr 6

1171--1179

EN

In this paper, the influence of biomodification of recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) on some properties of concrete was studied. Sporosarcina pasteurii strain was chosen for biodeposition process. The RCA came from parent concretes with varying w/c ratio. Recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) with two levels of w/c ratio, made from RCA not subjected to biomodification, was treated as reference. Compressive strength, water absorption and sorption of concretes were tested. The most significant influence of the aggregate biomodification was found in the case of sorption and this effect was highest for RAC made from the aggregate yielding from better quality parent concrete.

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Odporność pszenicy jarej na fuzariozę kłosów po zastosowaniu Efektywnych Mikroorganizmów

Starzyk J., Wiśniewska H.

Woda-Środowisko-Obszary Wiejskie

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2015

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T. 15, z. 1

101--111

PL

Celem przeprowadzonych badań było zbadanie wpływu preparatu Efektywne Mikroorganizmy (EM) na występowanie fuzariozy kłosów pszenicy jarej w uprawie polowej oraz ocena wzrostu i rozwoju roślin, a także zawartości chlorofilu w liściach pod wpływem biopreparatu Efektywne Mikroorganizmy stosowanego doglebowo oraz w formie oprysków na rośliny. Ponadto pszenicę infekowano zarodnikami Fusarium spp. w celu wywołania fuzariozy. Oznaczano wystąpienie fuzariozy oraz indeks fuzariozy kłosa. Ponadto poddano analizie parametry biometryczne: masę, długość elementów części nadziemnej i podziemnej roślin oraz oznaczano frakcję chlorofilu a i b w liściach. Wykazano znaczącą skuteczność testowanego biopreparatu w zwalczaniu fuzariozy kłosów pszenicy jarej. Największą skuteczność w zwalczaniu patogena grzybowego uzyskano pod wpływem wprowadzenia biopreparatu doglebowo z zastosowaniem oprysku roślin w fazie krzewienia, dzięki czemu zmniejszyło się w 80% występowanie indukowanej fuzariozy. Preparat EM korzystnie wpływał również na rozwój roślin, szczególnie w początkowych fazach rozwoju, natomiast nie zanotowano istotnego wpływu EM na zwiększenie zawartości chlorofilu w liściach.

EN

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of the preparation of Effective Microorganisms on the incidence of Fusarium head blight in spring wheat in the field and to evaluate plant growth and development and chlorophyll content in leaves under the influence of biopreparation. Effective Microorganisms were applied into the soil and sprayed on plants. Furthermore, wheat was infected with spores of Fusarium spp. to induce FHB in order to determine the disease incidence and FHB index. Biometric parameters: the weight and length of aboveground and underground plant parts and chlorophyll a and b in leaves were determined. Studies showed significant efficiency of biopreparation in controlling Fusarium head blight in spring wheat. Most effective in the control of fungal pathogen was the application of biopreparation into the soil with spraying plants in spread stage, which caused a 80% reduction in the occurrence of induced disease. EM preparation had a beneficial effect on plant growth, especially in the early stages of development, whereas no significant effect of EM on leaf chlorophyll content was noted.

3

Zmiany stanu mikrobiologicznego kompostów na bazie kory sosnowej z dodatkiem preparatu Efektywne Mikroorganizmy (EM), zielonej masy roślin i mocznika

Starzyk J., Czekała J., Wolna-Maruwka A., Swędrzyńska D.

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

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2015

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Tom 17, cz. 2

1512--1526

EN

Rational waste management in Poland is one of the most important social, ecological and economic problems. Composting is an optimal method of waste management. It is a continuous process, which consists in the decomposition of organic substance subjected to biochemical processes and the influence of microorganisms. It is usually defined as the sum of microbiological processes related with the formation of humus. Properly made compost is characterized by a large value of fertilizer, often exceeding the fertilizer value of manure. The admixture or the use of biodegradable waste for composting contributes to higher aeration of the composted mass, facilitates reaching the optimal humidity range of 50–60%, enriches the composted mass with a source of carbon which is accessible to microorganisms and guarantees the optimal C:N ratio. However, in the production of compost main objective is to optimize the conditions of this process. The aim of this study was to determine the dynamics of changes in the number of selected groups of microorganisms and dehydrogenase activity levels occurring during the composting of pine bark, depending on the application of different organic additives and microbiological preparation and changes in temperature. The experiment was established in the Forest District Antonin in Wielkopolska. Composting was carried out in six piles of pine bark supplemented with different doses of green mass of legumes, Effective Microorganisms solution and urea. During the composting process, samples were taken three times for microbiological analysis. It were analyzed total number of mesophilic bacteria, actinomyces, copiotrophs, oligotrophs and fungi on selective substrates. Isolated colonies were used to determine the total number of tested microorganisms. Furthermore, were tested the enzymatic activity of microorganisms, determining the activity of the dehydrogenase, using the spectrophotometric method with TTC as a substrate. Also were analyzed the impact of differences in the composition of compost on the growth of microorganisms. The following terms were also tested the temperature of the windrows. Above all, the trend in the variation in the population of microorganisms under analysis and enzymatic activity depended on the type of admixture applied to the composted pine bark. In most of the analyzed terms the largest number of different groups of bacteria and fungi was observed in combination of pine bark, and extended to the highest dose of the green mass of the plants and EM-A. To changes in the number of analyzed groups of microorganisms also fundamentally affect temperature changes during the composting process. Dehydrogenase complex activity did not increase with the increase in the number of analyzed groups of microorganisms.

4

Wpływ biokondycjonera glebowego Soleflor na żywotność i plonowanie kupkówki pospolitej (Dactylis glomerata L.) oraz stan środowiska mikrobiologicznego gleby

Swędrzyńska D., Zielewicz W., Swędrzyński A., Starzyk J., Wolna-Maruwka A.

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

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2015

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Tom 17, cz. 2

1320--1338

EN

Monocultures, nearly 100% share of cereals in crop rotation, the absence of intercrops, one-sided NPK mineral fertilisation and the absence of organic fertilisation are some characteristic phenomena in contemporary agriculture. They lead to numerous unfavourable changes in the natural environment, ranging from impoverished agricultural landscape and its biodiversity to degraded biological properties and fertility of soil. One of the methods improving the functioning of such soils is the application of soil bioconditioners and improvers. They are supposed to improve the soil structure, increase the microbiological activity and, what is particularly important in organic farming, they are supposed to increase the bioavailability of mineral components, such as phosphorus and potassium, from the soil resources which are inaccessible to plants. We conducted a two-year experiment on an orchard grass plantation in a randomised block design. We studied the influence of the Soleflor soil bioconditioner on the soil pH, its bioactivity (the count of selected groups of soil microorganisms, the enzymatic activity), the plant vigour expressed with the SPAD index and the sward yield. The experimental factor was the quantity and frequency of use of the Soleflor bioconditioner. The factor was applied at three levels, i.e. the bioconditioner not applied, 300 kg ha-1 of the bioconditioner applied annually in spring before the vegetation period, 600 kg ha-1 of the bioconditioner applied once in two years in spring before the vegetation period. Identical standard NPK fertilisation was applied in each experimental combination. Soleflor is a preparation based on calcium carbonate enriched with sulphur, magnesium, polypeptides and carbohydrates. It proved to have minimal but noticeable influence on the soil pH, especially in the combination with 600 kg ha-1 of Soleflor. If the conditioner is applied regularly for many years, it will undoubtedly reduce the soil acidity. However, it is noteworthy that the experiment was conducted in a soil with high pH, which was close to neutral. If the conditioner had been applied in a soil with lower pH, the increase in pH would have been more effective in view of the requirements of plants and soil microorganisms. The influence of the Soleflor bioconditioner on the count of microorganisms was noticeable when there was a high total count of bacteria and high population of actinomyces. The quantities of both groups of microorganisms increased in combinations with Soleflor. Although the differences were not always statistically significant, the trend was noticeable and unequivocal. The enzymatic activity of soil was the biological parameter of soil with very equivocal and low reactions to Soleflor fertilisation. The strongest reaction to Soleflor was observed in plants. The application of the bioconditioner regularly increased both the vigour and yield of orchard grass.

5

Assessment of the influence of composts on microbiological and biochemical parameters of substrates and the morphological traits of scarlet sage

Wolna-Maruwka A., Mocek-Płóciniak A., Głuchowska K., Schroeter-Zakrzewska A., Borowiak K., Niewiadomska A., Starzyk J., Dach J.

Archives of Environmental Protection

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2015

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Vol. 41, no. 3

28--38

EN

The aim of the research was to assess the microbiological (number of heterotrophic bacteria, actinobacteria and moulds) and biochemical (urease and acid phosphatase activity) state of peat with the admixture of composts produced from sewage sludge. An additional aim of the research was to demonstrate the influence of those substrates on the morphological traits of scarlet sage (height, number and length of shoots, number of buds and inflorescences, greenness index (SPAD)). Composts produced from sewage sludge, wheat, maize and lupine straw were mixed with peat, where their percentage varied from 25% to 75%. The substrate which included the composts applied in the experiment had a higher number of heterotrophic bacteria and a higher acid phosphatase activity level than the control substrate (peat). The multiplication of moulds and actinobacteria was more intensive than in the peat only in the combinations with K3 (sewage sludge 50%+sawdust 20%+ lupine straw 30%) and K4 (sewage sludge 50%+sawdust 20%+fresh maize straw 30%) composts, whereas the highest urease activity level was observed in the soils produced from K1 (sewage sludge 50%+sawdust 20%+white straw 30%) compost. The most optimal development of plants was observed in the substrate with compost produced from wheat straw. Composts produced from municipal sewage sludge were found to be suitable for growing scarlet sage. However, their effect depends on the percentage of high peat in the substrate.

PL

Celem badań była ocena stanu mikrobiologicznego (liczba bakterii heterotrofi cznych, promieniowców, pleśni) i biochemicznego (aktywność ureazy i fosfatazy kwaśnej) torfu z domieszką kompostów wytworzonych na bazie osadu ściekowego. Ponadto celem badań było wykazanie wpływu niniejszych podłoży na cechy morfologiczne szałwii błyszczącej (wysokość, liczba i długości pędów, liczba pąków i kwiatostanów, indeks zazielenienia (SPAD)). Komposty wyprodukowane z osadu ściekowego, słomy pszennej, kukurydzianej i łubinowej zmieszano z torfem w różnym udziale procentowym, od 25% do 75%. Podłoża zawierające w swoim składzie komposty charakteryzowały się wyższą niż podłoże kontrolne (torf) liczbą bakterii heterotroficznych oraz wyższą aktywnością fosfatazy kwaśnej. Silniejsze namnażanie grzybów pleśniowych oraz promieniowców w stosunku do kombinacji kontrolnej odnotowano jedynie w przypadku w kombinacji K3 (50% osadu ściekowego + 20% trociny + 30% słomy łubinowej) i K4 (50% osadu ściekowego + 20% trociny + 30% świeżej słomy kukurydzianej). Natomiast najwyższy poziom aktywności ureazy zaobserwowano w obiekcie K1 (50% osadu ściekowego + 20% trociny + 30% słomy pszennej). Najbardziej optymalny rozwój roślin zaobserwowano na podłożach wyprodukowanych na bazie kompostu z dodatkiem słomy pszennej. Na podstawie uzyskanych wyników stwierdzono, że komposty wyprodukowane z komunalnych osadów ściekowych mogą być stosowane w uprawie szałwii błyszczącej. Ich działanie zależy od procentowego udziału kompostów w podłożu.

6

The Influence of Admixtures Accelerating the Pine Bark Composting Process on Variation in the Bacteriological State of Composts

Starzyk J., Czekała W.

Archives of Environmental Protection

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2014

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Vol. 40, no. 4

125--135

EN

The focus of the study was on the dynamics of the variation in the population of copiotrophic and oligotrophic bacteria and actinobacteria as well as the level of acid and alkaline phosphatase activities taking place during pine bark composting, depending on the application of different organic admixtures and the Effective Microorganisms microbiological preparation as well as variation in pH values and temperature. Above all, the trend in the variation in the population of microorganisms under analysis and enzymatic activity depended on the type of admixture applied to the composted pine bark. Apart from that, the course of microbiological activity was also influenced by temperature variation, which resulted from the course of the composting process. The results obtained in the experiment proved that the admixture of PGM (plant green matter) to the composted prisms had stimulating influence on the microbiological indexes under analysis.

PL

Badano dynamikę zmian liczebności bakterii kopiotroficznych, oligotroficznych oraz promieniowców, a także poziom aktywności fosfataz kwaśnych i alkalicznych, zachodzących podczas kompostowania kory sosnowej, w zależności od zastosowania różnych dodatków organicznych i preparatu mikrobiologicznego Efektywnych Mikroorganizmów oraz zmian wartości pH i temperatury. Kierunek zanotowanych zmian liczebności analizowanych grup drobnoustrojów oraz aktywności enzymatycznej zależne były przede wszystkim od rodzaju zastosowanego dodatku do kompostowanej kory sosnowej. Ponadto wpływ na przebieg aktywności mikrobiologicznej miały również zmiany temperatury, będące efektem przebiegu procesu kompostowania. Na podstawie uzyskanych wyników stwierdzono stymulujący wpływ dodatku ZMR (zielonej masy roślin) do kompostowanych pryzm na analizowane wskaźniki mikrobiologiczne.

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Ocena wpływu dodatków wzbogacających kompostowaną korę sosnową na liczebność bakterii i grzybów oraz ich aktywność enzymatyczną

Starzyk J., Jakubus M., Swędrzyńska D.

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

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2013

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Tom 15, cz. 3

2683--2696

EN

In the composting process, microorganisms meet the primary role of which is related to the metabolic activity of the process of synthesis of humus. Properly made compost is characterized by a large value of fertilizer, often exceeding the fertilizer value of manure. However, in the production of compost main objective is to optimize the conditions of this process. The aim of this study was to determine the dynamics of changes in the number of selected groups of microorganisms and dehydrogenase activity levels occurring during the composting of pine bark, depending on the application of different organic additives and microbiological preparation and changes in pH and temperature. The experiment was established in 2011 in the Forest District Antonin in Wielkopolska. Composting was carried out in seven piles of pine bark supplemented with different doses of green mass of legumes, Effective Microorganisms solution and urea. During the composting process, samples were taken five times for microbiological analysis. It were analyzed number of mesophilic and thermophilic bacteria and fungi on selective substrates. Isolated colonies were used to determine the total number of tested microorganisms. Furthermore, were tested the enzymatic activity of microorganisms, determining the activity of the dehydrogenase, using the spectrophotometric method with TTC as a substrate. Also were analyzed the impact of differences in the composition of compost on the growth of microorganisms. The following terms were also tested the pH level and the temperature of the windrows. It was found that additives composted pine bark with the exception only of the preparation EM-A stimulating influence on the population growth of bacteria meso-and thermophilic composting in windrows. A particularly preferred combination proved to be a combination of the green mass of the plant with solution of Effective Microorganisms. Changes in the number of analyzed groups of microorganisms also fundamentally affect temperature changes during the composting process. During the high temperature composting piles was observed in a significant increase in the number of thermophilic bacteria and fungi. In most of the analyzed terms the largest number of thermophilic bacteria and fungi was observed in combination of pine bark, and extended to the highest dose of the green mass of the plants and EM-A. Dehydrogenase complex activity did not increase with the increase in the number of analyzed groups of microorganisms.

8

Topological analysis and diagnosis of analog circuits

Starzyk J.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Elektronika / Politechnika Śląska

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2007

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z. 15

3-141

EN

This work presents a comprehensive view of topological methods for analog electronic circuit analysis and diagnosis. It details a number of issues related to proper understanding and efficient use of topological methods, starting from graph representation of the network topology, topological formulas used in circuit analysis, hierarchical decomposition of topological representations, and related computational algorithms. It shows how to generate multiconnections and multitrees for various types of topological analyses of analog networks represented by their graphs. Other types of topological analyses are also discussed. These include high frequency interconnect and clock networks of modern integrated circuits, and large change sensitivity based diakoptics of large analog networks that use network topology to improve efficiency of sparse matrix analysis algorithms. Topological techniques in analog fault diagnosis are also discussed. Network decomposition is used to effectively locate faults within subnetworks of the tested network. Fault location under parameter tolerances and corresponding topological conditions are developed for nodal and multiport representations. Network topology is beneficial to a popular sensitivity based testing by simplifying the test matrix (Jacobian matrix of the network equations). Fault diagnosis based on verification of the test equations related to the network topology has been developed. This led to formulation of ambiguity groups in low testability circuits and an effective use of the network topology to test such circuits. Final sections of this work make an efficient use of the network topology and information theory to select an optimum set of test points needed in both fault dictionary and verification methods used in analog fault diagnosis. Topologiczna analiza i diagnostyka układów analogowych

PL

Praca przedstawia syntetyczny opis metod topologicznych stosowanych do analizy i diagnostyki elektronicznych układów analogowych. W sposób szczegółowy przedstawia zagadnienia związane z właściwym zrozumieniem i efektywnym wykorzystaniem metod topologicznych, poczynając od graficznej reprezentacji topologii układu, poprzez formuły topologiczne użyte do analizy układu i hierarchiczną dekompozycję reprezentacji topologicznych, do stowarzyszonych algorytmów obliczeniowych. Pokazuje jak generować wielo-połączenia i wielo-drzewa dla różnych typów analizy topologicznej układów analogowych reprezentowanych grafami. Dyskutowane są też inne rodzaje analizy topologicznej. Wchodzą w to takie metody jak analiza połączeń wysokiej częstotliwości i sieci zegara nowoczesnych układów scalonych, czy też diakoptyka dużych układów analogowych w oparciu o metodę wrażliwości wielkoprzyrostowej, w której topologia układu jest wykorzystana do zwiększenia wydajności algorytmów analizy macierzy rzadkich. Dyskutowane są też techniki topologiczne stosowane do diagnostyki układów analogowych. Dekompozycja układu użyta jest do efektywnej lokalizacji uszkodzeń wewnątrz podukładów układu testowanego. Lokalizacja uszkodzeń przy uwzględnieniu tolerancji parametrów, wraz z niezbędnymi warunkami topologicznymi, jest rozwinięta dla reprezentacji węzłowej i wielo-wrotnikowej. Topologia układu usprawnia, opartą na wrażliwościach, popularną metodę testowania poprzez uproszczenie macierzy testowej (macierz Jakobianu równań układu). Rozwinięta została diagnostyka uszkodzeń w oparciu o weryfikacje równań testowych odniesionych do topologii układu. Doprowadziło to do zdefiniowania grup wieloznacznych w układach o niskiej testowalności i efektywnego użycia topologii układu do testowania takich układów. Końcowe sekcje pracy w sposób efektywny wykorzystują topologie układu i teorię informacji do optymalnego wyboru punktów pomiarowych potrzebnych przy testowaniu układów analogowych metodami słownikowymi i weryfikacji.