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1
Content available The Fusion Characteristics of Ashes from Lignin and the Coke Breeze
Fröhlichová M., Findorák R., Legemza J., Džupková M.
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
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2018
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Vol. 63, iss. 3
1523--1530
EN
In this paper are presented results of study fusion characteristics of the biomass ashes from the hydrolyzed lignin and the ashes from the coke breeze. The hydrolyzed lignin ashes were compared with the coke breeze ashes i.e. with a fossil fuel. These ashes were prepared in muffle furnace at the temperature of 550°C (hydrolyzed lignin) and 850°C (coke breeze). Biomass (the hydrolyzed lignin) represents the new fuels for sintering process and an attractive way to decrease CO2 emissions from the energy production. The characterization methods were the following: standard fuel characterization analyses, chemical and mineralogical composition of the ashes and phase analyses of the ashes of biomass and the coke breeze. These ashes were prepared by the same method. Characterisation of the ashes samples was conducted by means of X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Quantitative analysis of the crystalline and amorphous phases in each of the ash samples were carried out using the Rietveld method. The dominant phase of the ash from the coke breeze was mullite (Al6 Si2 O13 ). SiO2 is the dominant phase of the ash from the hydrolyzed lignin.
2
Content available Influence of Intensification Factors on Quality of Fe Agglomerates Made with Alternative Fuel
Semanová Z., Legemza J., Hrubovčáková M., Findorák R., Fröhlichová M.
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
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2018
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Vol. 63, iss. 4
1853--1857
EN
Currently is the biggest problem of metallurgical companies the increase of fossil fuel prices and strict environmental regulations. As a result of this, companies must look for alternatives that would reduce the amount of fossil fuels and reduce emissions. Wood sawdust has huge energy potential, which can be used in the process of agglomerate production. This type of energy is locally available, has some similar properties as fossil fuels and is economically advantageous. For these reasons, experimental study using laboratory agglomeration pan was realized to study the possibility of agglomerate production with a mixed fuel. Experimental results show the viability of mixed fuel use in the agglomeration process, but also show significant possibility for improvement. The maximum acceptable substitution ratio, which corresponds to qualitatively suitable agglomerate is 20% of pine sawdust. Based on the realized experiments and the obtained results we have acceded to the intensification of the agglomeration process with an objective to increase the amount of added substitution fuel while maintaining the required quality of agglomerate.
3
Content available Iron-Ore Sintering Process Optimization
Fröhlichová M., Ivanišin D., Mašlejová A., Findorák R., Legemza J.
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
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2015
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Vol. 60, iss. 4
2895--2900
EN
The work deals with examination of the influence of the ratio between iron ore concentrate and iron ore on quality of produced iron ore sinter. One of the possibilities to increase iron content in sinter is the modification of raw materials ratio, when iron ore materials are added into sintering mixture. If the ratio is in favor of iron ore sinter, iron content in resulting sintering mixture will be lower. If the ratio is in favor of iron ore concentrate and recycled materials, which is more finegrained, a proportion of a fraction under 0.5 mm will increase, charge permeability property will be reduced, sintering band performance will decrease and an occurrence of solid particulate matter in product of sintering process will rise. The sintering mixture permeability can be optimized by increase of fuel content in charge or increase of sinter charge moisture. A change in ratio between concentrate and iron ore has been experimentally studied. An influence of sintering mixture grain size composition, a charge grains shape on quality and phase composition on quality of the produced iron sinter has been studied.
PL
Publikacja dotyczy zagadnienia oceny wpływu proporcji między koncentratem rudy żelaza a rudą żelaza na jakość wyprodukowanego spieku. Jedną z możliwości zwiększenia zawartości żelaza w spieku jest zmiana proporcji materiałów surowcowych, które dodaje się do mieszanki spiekalniczej wraz z materiałami zawierającymi rudę żelaza. Jeśli proporcja ta jest korzystna dla spieku, to będzie to mieć wpływ na mniejszą zawartość rudy żelaza w końcowej mieszance aglomeratu. Jeśli proporcja ta jest korzystna dla drobnoziarnistego koncentratu rudy żelaza i materiałów wtórnych, to wtedy: udział frakcji poniżej 0,5 mm ulegnie zwiększeniu, przewiewność wsadu oraz wydajność taśmy spiekania ulegną zmniejszeniu, zaś zwiększy się liczba cząstek stałych (emisji) pochodzących z procesu spiekania. Przewiewność mieszanki spiekalniczej można optymalizować poprzez zwiększenie zawartości paliwa we wsadzie albo poprzez zwiększenie wilgotności. Przeprowadzono eksperymentalną kontrolę zmiany proporcji między koncentratem a rudą żelaza. Zbadano wpływ składu granulometrycznego mieszanki aglomeratu oraz kształtu ziaren wsadu na jakość i skład fazowy wyprodukowanego spieku.
4
Content available Biomass as a Source of Energy in Iron Ore Agglomerate Production Process
Fröhlichová M., Legemza J., Findorák R., Mašlejová A.
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
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2014
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Vol. 59, iss. 2
815--820
EN
This article contains characteristics of selected types of biomass, which can be considered as an alternative fuel in the production of iron ore agglomerate. Selected types of biomass were evaluated by chemical analysis, X-ray phase analysis and microscopic analysis using the camera on microscope Olympus BX 51. Biomass was characterized according to its structure, chemical composition and chemical composition of ash. The obtained data were confronted with the data for coke breeze and based on the results, conclusions were made about the possible use of selected types of biomass as an alternative fuel in the process of iron ore agglomerate production.
PL
Artykuł zawiera charakterystykę wybranych rodzajów biomasy, które mogą być uznane jako paliwo alternatywne w produkcji aglomeratów rudy żelaza. Wyselekcjonowane rodzaje biomasy poddano ocenie za pomocą analizy chemicznej, rentgenowskiej analizy fazowej oraz analizy mikroskopowej z użyciem kamery mikroskopu Olympus BX 51. Scharakteryzowano również strukturę, skład chemiczny i skład chemiczny popiołu biomasy. Uzyskane dane porównano z danymi dotyczącymi koksiku i na podstawie otrzymanych wyników opracowano wnioski odnośnie do możliwości korzystania z wybranych rodzajów biomasy jako paliwa alternatywnego w procesie produkcji aglomeratu rudy żelaza.
5
Content available Structural analysis of sinter with titanium addition
Fröhlichová M., Findorák R., Legemza J.
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
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2013
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Vol. 58, iss. 1
179-185
EN
Paper presents the results from the study of the effect of materials with titanium addition on the strength properties of the iron ore sinter. The sinters with TiO2 addition or without TiO2 addition prepared in laboratory were applied in this research and were compared based on the structural and phase composition. Exploited was the method of the X-ray diffraction and method of elemental EDX analysis applying the electron raster microscope with the energo-dispersion analyser. Confirmed was the relationship between the sinter structure and its strength. Higher strength of the sinter without TiO2 addition is the result of the different phase composition of the compared sinters. In the sinter production considered should be not only the chemical composition of the entry components of the charge and the chemical composition of the final product but also its structural and phase composition.
PL
W artykule tym przedstawiono wyniki badań wpływu materiałów z dodatkiem tytanu na właściwości wytrzymałościowe spieku z rudy żelaza. Spieki zawierające dodatek TiO2, jak i bez dodatku TiO2 przygotowane w laboratorium poddano porównaniu w oparciu o ich strukturę i skład fazowy. W badaniach zastosowano metodę dyfrakcji rentgenowskiej oraz metody analizy elementarnej EDX, badania te przeprowadzono na mikroskopie elektronowym przy zastosowaniu analizatora dyspersji energii. W wyniku pomiarów potwierdzono związek pomiędzy strukturą martwicy i jej wytrzymałość. Wyższa wytrzymałość spieku bez dodatku TiO2 jest rezultatem różnicy składu fazowego porównywanych spieków. Podczas wytwarzania spieku powinno brać się pod uwagę nie tylko składu chemicznego składników wejściowych i składu chemicznego produktu końcowego, lecz także jego strukturalne i skład fazowy.
6
Content available remote Possibilities of increasing coal charge density by adding fuel oil
Fröhlichová M., Kucková A. J., Findorák R.
Archives of Foundry Engineering
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2010
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Vol. 10, iss. 1 spec.
377--380
EN
The requirement of all coke-making facilities is to achieve the highest possible production of high quality coke from a chamber. It can be achieved by filling the effective capacity of the chamber with the highest possible amount of coal. One of the possibilities of meeting this requirement is to increase the charge density in the coke chamber. In case of a coke battery operating on bulk coal there are many methods to increase the charge density including the use of wetting agents in the charge. This article presents the results of the laboratory experiments aiming at the increase of the charge density using fuel oil as a wetting agent. The experiments were carried out by means of the Pitin’s device using 3 coal charges with various granularity composition and moisture content of 7, 8, 9 and 10 %.
7
Content available remote Influence of coke structure on the reactivity and strength after reaction with CO2
Fröhlichová M., Cižmárová M.
Prace Instytutu Metalurgii Żelaza
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2009
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T. 61, nr 5
18-19
EN
The paper describes study of influence of coke structure on the reactivity and strength. Porosity of six cokes was observed by microscope analysis and results were compared to reactivity and strength after reaction with CO2. The result of this observation acknowledge dependence between coal properties, charge preparation (charge of one coal, blend of coals), coke texture (inert material), important coke properties as strength, reactivity and porosity.
8
Content available remote Effect of the underpressure sucking air on the emissions CO and CO2 in the sintering process
Bakaj F., Legemza J., Fröhlichová M., Findorak R.
Prace Instytutu Metalurgii Żelaza
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2009
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T. 61, nr 5
3-5
EN
The production of the agglomerate is always related with the consumption of energy, appearance of the solid pollutive substances and the emissions, which are the main source of air pollution. The presentation work contains the analyse knowledge, which were obtained from the literature, also mainly analysis the results, which were attained on the laboratory sintering pan. On this laboratory sintering pan are suffi ciently simulating the conditions, which are present in the sinter band in relation to production of CO, CO2, NOx, SOx and solid pollutive substances in the sintering process. On the basis of the theoretical analyse, analysis measuring data, computing of the balance, production, qualitative and quantitative parameters of the sintering process we can conclude, that in the case of changing different parametres of the sintering process (for example in the changing underpressure sucking air) these emissions can decrease. The expressive decreasing of the emissions can be achieved with minimalization of the fuel content in the sintering burden.
9
Content available remote Effect of high content of concentrate in sinter mixture on chosen emission parameters
Findorák R., Fröhlichová M., Legemza J., Bakaj F.
Prace Instytutu Metalurgii Żelaza
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2009
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T. 61, nr 5
15-17
EN
Composition of current sinter charges increased claims not only on its treatment, but also claims associated with minimalization of environment. Raising amounts of fi ne concentrates and wastes is in contrary to strict ecological requirements. The aim of this paper was declare infl uence of raising content of fi nes concerning to chosen emission parameters in sintering process. For that purpose there was realized laboratory sintering testes and detections of emissions, which characterization and results is in the following.
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