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Stratighaphic position of tills in the Orłowo Cliff section (northern Poland): a new approach

Woźniak P. P., Sokołowski R. J., Czubla P., Fedorowicz S.

Studia Quaternaria

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2018

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Vol. 35, Nr 1

25--40

EN

The site at Orłowo Cliff was used to analyse the stratigraphic position and palaeogeographic interpretations of the properties and depositional conditions of two basal tills from the Late Pleistocene. A multi-proxy approach involved lithofacies, petrographic analysis of the fine gravel fraction, analyses of indicator erratics and till fabric. TL dating of intra-moraine deposits was used to determine depositional time frames of tills. The sediment profile at Orłowo Cliff shows a distinct reduction in number of Pleistocene units. Obtained dating results suggest the presence of Middle and Late Pleistocene fluvial units. The main issue discussed is the stratigraphic position of the older till (Unit O-4). It can be assumed that this till was deposited probably during the Middle Weichselian (MIS4). At Orłowo Horn the till of Unit O-4 reveals incorporation of the erratic material derived from an older till in the surrounded area (according to petrographic composition – probably from MIS 8). The younger till (Unit O-6) was deposited in the Late Weichselian (MIS 2). Moreover, the till of Unit O-6 is characterised by a significant shift towards the south-west in terms of the erratic origin in Unit O-4.

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Unravelling the complex nature of the Upper Weichselian till section at Gdynia Babie Doły, northern Poland

Woźniak P. P., Czubla P.

Geologos

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2016

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Vol. 22, No. 1

15--32

EN

The complexity of glacial sequences may increase when these formed underneath ice sheets despite subsequent changes in their extent that are accompanied by alterations in the direction of the ice flow. Our aim was to determine whether or not changes in ice sheet dynamics during the Late Weichselian are also recorded in sediments formed north of the area of its fluctuating margin (i.e., where the ice sheet prevailed independent of such fluctuations). It is shown that in these areas such a record could have occurred, as documented by results of till studies at Babie Doły. The examination was carried out using several analyses: lithofacies properties of sediments, petrographic till composition (fine gravel fraction, indicator erratics), till matrix CaCO3 content, till fabric, as well as orientation of striae on the top surfaces of large clasts. In parallel, datings of sub- and supra-till sediments using the TL method were carried out. The basal till at Babie Doły represents almost the entire Upper Weichselian, but it can be divided into subunits whose features indicate different ice flow directions and debris supply. The lower subunit developed as a result of the palaeo-ice stream along the main axis of the Baltic Sea (from the north), expanding to areas adjacent to the depression of the Gulf of Gdańsk. The upper subunit developed when the influence of the palaeo-ice stream in the study area decreased, the main role having been taken over by the ice flowing from the northwest. The till analysed also shows considerable lateral variation, indicative of the mosaic nature of subglacial sedimentation. We consider the diversity of permeability of deposits over which the ice sheet extended to be the prime factor that determined such a situation.

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What was the interglacial river like? Sedimentological investigation of Holsteinian fluvial deposits in eastern Poland

Zieliński T., Terpiłowski S., Zieliński P., Pidek I. A., Godlewska A., Czubla P.

Geological Quarterly

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2016

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Vol. 60, No. 1

149--166

EN

Holsteinian fluvial deposits in the Samica River valley in eastern Poland have been studied, in an approximately 12-m-thick succession filling palaeochannels and comprising sandy channel facies succeeded by a package of gyttja, peat and silt deposited in oxbow. Channel belts including palaeochannel fills cut into outwash sands and are overlain by diamictic sands reworked by solifluction under periglacial conditions. Sedimentological and palynological investigations in combination allowed the recognition of glacial and interglacial deposits. The channel belt was formed by a typical sand-bed, meandering river with deposition controlled by abundant point bars. The sedimentary evolution of the Samica valley is interpreted in the context of the glacial-interglacial cycle. Valley-scale erosion and change of river style from braided to meandering occurred coevally with the decay of an ice sheet (deglaciation) and the main phase of meandering river sedimentation is attributed to latest Elsterian and early Holsteinian. The next part of the interglacial, from pioneer stage to established temperate conditions, is recorded in a biogenic oxbow-lake fill. The succession studied has been compared with published data on the European fluvial deposits of Middle Pleistocene interglacials. It is pointed out here that river channel patterns in western and eastern Europe differed. Based on this observation, some general hypotheses regarding the continental-scale climatic distinctness are put forward.

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How to resolve Pleistocene stratigraphic problems by different methods? A case study from eastern Poland

Terpiłowski S., Zieliński T., Kusiak J., Pidek I.A., Czubla P., Hrynowiecka A., Godlewska A., Zieliński P., Małek M.

Geological Quarterly

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2014

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Vol. 58, No. 2

235--250

EN

Different methods have been used to determine the stratigraphic position of Pleistocene alluvial deposits, particularly fluvial interglacial deposits. Near-surface deposits of a meandering river, developed in point-bar and oxbow lake facies, in the Samica River valley (near Łuków, eastern Poland) have been investigated. The fossil valley is incised into the till plain and the outwash. The fluvial succession is locally overlain by solifluction deposits. All the deposits underwent sedimentological analysis. The petrographic composition of basal till occurring in the vicinity of a fossil valley was determined with the method of indicator erratics. Fluvial deposits were examined by pollen analysis and plant macrofossil analysis of oxbow lake facies. Absolute dating methods were applied to the deposits (thermoluminescence methods: TL and additionally IRSL). Lithological differences between fluvial and the surrounding glaciofluvial deposits were identified and their lithostratigraphic position assigned. Petrographic analysis of till and palaeobotanical analyses of oxbow lake facies gave compatible results. Fluvial deposits were formed after the Sanian 2/Elsterian Glaciation, during the Mazovian/Holsteinian Interglacial. Luminescence dating of the fluvial deposits by the TLMAX method yielded the most relevant results (412-445 ka), which indicate that these deposits were formed during the end of the MIS 12 and beginning of the MIS 11 stage.

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Charakterystyka litologiczno-petrograficzna osadów czwartorzędowych w dolinie Warty (stanowisko Koźmin-Północ)

Czubla P., Forysiak J., Petera-Zganiacz J., Grajoszek M., Wiśniewska M.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2013

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Vol. 61, nr 2

120--126

EN

The investigated area is located in the middle section of the Warta River valley, where the Neogen deposits with lignite series occur within the Adamów tectonic graben. In the Kozmin-North excavation, opened for extraction in 2008 and belonging to the "Adamów"Lignite Mine, the Neogene deposits are covered with an about 30-m thick Quaternary series. The research was carried out to identify the origin and age of the Quaternary sediments. As a result, four sandy series and three till series were identified, which were deposited during the South Polish Glaciations and Middle Polish Glaciations. North Polish Glaciations sediments developed in extraglacial conditions.

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Diamicton in Besiekierz (Central Poland) : how to avoid misinterpretation of superposition in Quaternary geology

Czubla P., Forysiak J., Twardy J.

Geological Quarterly

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2013

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Vol. 57, No. 4

629–-636

EN

Diamicton in Biesiekierz (central Poland), whose age and origin has long provoked debate, is located above unquestionable Eemian biogenic deposits documented by palynological and Cladocera analyses. Petrographically, this diamicton shows some similarities to Warthanian till. Lithologically, it shows considerable weathering of the deposit, a possible selection of the component minerals and addition of dispersed biogenic matter. The results obtained so far as well as the palaeomorphological situation indicate that the diamicton is reworked till material, as are sand intercalations within it. Given the organic content of this diamicton, we infer that a long-term agricultural exploitation of its immediate surroundings was the main factor behind colluvial reworking and displacement occurring above the Eemian biogenic deposits in the fossil depression.

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Eratyki przewodnie w glinach morenowych Polski

Czubla P., Gałązka D., Górska M.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2006

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Vol. 54, nr 4

352-362

EN

Erratics analysis is one of the principal methods used to study glacial sediments. Usually, simplified petrography of gravel fraction is employed, whereas more advanced techniques, based on interpreting certain rock types of Fennoscandian provenience, are still rarely used in Poland. This is mainly due to the lack of training in classifying erratic rocks, what in turn is at least partly a consequence of the lack of appropriate Polish language atlases. We are willing to bridge this gap, presenting the 33 descriptions of the indicator rock types found in the Pleistocene sediments in Poland. Most descriptions have been illustrated with colour photographs, showing either the specimens from Poland, or the ones collected during our expeditions to Sweden, Denmark and Finland.We present the most important features, which allow to both identify a sample unambiguously and to tie it to a specific outcrop in Fennoscandia. Additionally, we include the geographic coordinates of the central points of source outcrops, used to define the theoretical pebble centres position (Lüttig 1958).

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Eratyki przewodnie w glinach morenowych Polski

Czubla P., Gałązka D., Górska M.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2006

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Vol. 54, nr 3

245-255

EN

Erratics analysis is one of the principal methods used to study glacial sediments. Usually, simplified petrography of gravel fraction is employed, whereas more advanced techniques, based on interpreting certain rock types of Fennoscandian provenience, are still rarely used in Poland. This is mainly due to the lack of training in classifying erratic rocks, what in turn is at least partly a consequence of the lack of appropriate Polish language atlases. We are willing to bridge this gap, presenting the 33 descriptions of the indicator rock types found in the Pleistocene sediments in Poland. Most descriptions have been illustrated with colour photographs, showing either the specimens from Poland, or the ones collected during our expeditions to Sweden, Denmark and Finland.We present the most important features, which allow to both identify a sample unambiguously and to tie it to a specific outcrop in Fennoscandia. Additionally, we include the geographic coordinates of the central points of source outcrops, used to define the theoretical pebble centres position

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Pozycja stratygraficzna glin morenowych w odkrywce „Smulsko” (KWB „Adamów”) w świetle analiz petrograficznych

Czubla P., Forysiak J.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2004

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Vol. 52, nr 7

574-–578

EN

The ”Adamów–Smulsko” exposure is situated in the eastern part of Wielkopolska about 5 km to the east from Turek. Three till horizons are exposed there. The oldest one is considered to be the deposits of South Polish Glaciation age (Elsterian), the middle one of Odranian age and the upper one — divided in two strata — of Warthanian age (Klatkowa, 1993). Indicator erratics in samples taken in two profiles, lying two kilometres apart, were analysed. The relationship between fundamental indicator erratics has been determined and the comparison with the contribution of particular alimentation areas in the supply of coarse material has been made, also the theoretical home centres of the boulder associations (TGZ) here been marked. The stratigraphical conclusions do not confirm the previous interpretation. The occurrence of Odranian tills has not been supported. The lowest till horizon has been attributed to Nida Glaciation, whereas the middle and upper ones to the Warthanian Glaciation.

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Głazy narzutowe "Trojaczki" : nowo ustanowiony pomnik przyrody nieożywionej w Tarnowie

Czubla P., Mizerski W.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2003

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Vol. 51, nr 7

585-586

PL

W Tarnowie (woj. małopolskie) odnaleziono 3 głazy narzutowe przytransportowane przez lądolód w czasie jednego ze zlodowaceń południowopolskich. Głazy te są najprawdopodobniej fragmentami jednego, większego głazu. Największy z nich ma obwód 10,2 m, co stawia go na drugim miejscu pod względem wielkości wśród głazów narzutowych znajdujących między maksymalnymi zasięgami zlodowaceń środkowopolskich i południowopolskich. Głazy pochodzą najprawdopodobniej z granitoidowego masywu Arnö w środkowej Szwecji. W 2002 r. głazy objęto ochroną prawną.

EN

Three erratics have been found in Tarnów (southern Poland). They probably represent fragments of a single boulder transported during one of the South-Polish glaciations from Arno Massif in Central Sweden. The largest erratic has a circumference of 10.2 m, making it the second largest dropstone known from the area between the maximum ranges of the ice-sheets of Mid-Polish and South Polish glaciations. In May, 2002, the boulders (named "Triplets " and moved to a recreational area in Tarnów, were declared a protected monument of inanimate nature.