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DPF retrofit program in Israel – effects of diesel particle filters on performance of in-use buses

Tartakovsky L., Fleischmann R.

Combustion Engines

2017

R. 56, nr 3

176--178

A long service life of heavy-duty diesel vehicles results in a large number of older-technology trucks and buses of various types running on roads nowadays. Cleaning up exhaust gases of these older vehicles gives an opportunity to improve air quality at affordable costs. Retrofitting older buses with diesel particulate filters (DPF) is a cost-effective measure to quickly and efficiently reduce particulate matter (PM) emissions and contribute to mitigation of air pollution in urban conglomerates. In this paper, the milestones on a way to wide-scale retrofitting of heavy-duty vehicles with DPF are discussed on the example of Israel DPF retrofit program. Crucial importance of a balanced governmental approach combining regulation and economic incentives, together with collaboration of government, academia and vehicle operators, is underlined. Main results of the one-year pilot project focused on urban and intercity buses are discussed. Impact of DPF retrofitting on particulate emissions and engine performance and maintenance aspects of in-use diesel buses is analyzed. Very high particle filtration efficiency (in average, about 97%) together with relatively low fuel economy penalty (0.6–1.8%, depending on the bus type) are proved. Vital importance of careful monitoring and correct maintenance of DPF-equipped vehicles is underlined.

Utilization of Renewable Alcohol in an Internal Combustion Engine with Thermo-Chemical Recuperation of the Exhaust Gas Energy

Fleischmann R., Tartakovsky L.

Prace Naukowe Instytutu Nafty i Gazu

2015

nr 204

216--232

Internal combustion engines (ICEs) are greatly responsible for fossil fuels consumption and environmental pollution. Development of more fuel-efficient ICEs together with alternative fuels is, therefore, of great importance. ICE's. overall efficiency can be improved by utilization of the thermal energy wasted with the exhaust gases. One method of exploiting this energy is by promoting endothermic fuel reforming reactions that increases the lower heating value (LHV) of the fuel introduced to the engine and allows combustion of a hydrogen-rich gaseous fuel. This method is commonly called thermo-chemical recuperation (TCR). Although TCR is feasible with conventional fuels, it is frequently realized with alcohol fuels that can be synthesized from methane or biomass, since their reforming temperature is lower. For this study, a gen-set gasoline-fed carburetor single-cylinder SI engine was modified to allow working with gasoline and methanol steam reforming (MSR) products. It was found that engine feeding by MSR products has a great potential for pollutant emissions mitigation as compared with gasoline. Harmful emissions of the pollutants CO, NOx and the GHG gas CO2 were reduced by 96%, 99% and 32% respectively. Particle number (PN) emissions were reduced by 99.7%. The achieved energy efficiency improvement of the engine fed by the methanol reformate was found to be from 20 up to 70% when compared with gasoline.