Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Computational Methods of the Identification of Chaboche Isotropic-Kinematic Hardening Model Parameters Derived from the Cyclic Loading Tests

Wójcik Marta, Gontarz Andrzej, Skrzat Andrzej, Winiarski Grzegorz

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

|

2024

|

Vol. 18, no 1

61--75

EN

The Chaboche-Lemaitre combined isotropic-kinematic hardening model (CKIH) gives an overall information about the material behaviour under cyclic loading. The identification of hardening parameters is a difficult and time-consuming problem. The procedure of the parameters identification using the experimental hysteresis curve obtained in a cyclic loading test under strain control is presented in details here for a S235JR construction steel. The last stabilized cycle extracted from the hysteresis curve is required for the identification of hardening parameters. The model with three backstresses is tested here. The optimization algorithm is also used for the improvement of the agreement between experimental and numerical data. In order to include some uncertainty of experiment and the identification procedure, the authorial algorithm written on the basis of the fuzzy logic soft-computing method is applied here. The results obtained show that the identification procedure presented in this paper ensures the good agreement between the experimental tests and numerical calculations. The correct selection of parameters associated with the hardening is essential for the right description of material behaviour subject to loading in different engineering problems, including in metal forming processes.

2

Walcowanie poprzeczno-klinowe odkuwki osi kolejowej

Bulzak Tomasz, Winiarski Grzegorz, Wójcik Łukasz

Hutnik, Wiadomości Hutnicze

|

2023

|

Vol. 90, nr 2

16--20

PL

Artykuł przedstawia wyniki modelowania numerycznego procesu walcowania poprzeczno-klinowego odkuwek osi kolejowych. Na wstępie przedstawiono główny problem, jakim jest pękanie materiału w procesie walcowania poprzeczno-klinowego. Przedstawiono propozycję ograniczenia zjawiska pękania materiału, polegającą na zmianie konstrukcji narzędzi kształtujących. Zaprojektowano trzy warianty narzędzi, których przydatność w procesie walcowania poprzeczno-klinowego osi kolejowych została zweryfikowana na drodze symulacji numerycznych. Symulacje numeryczne przeprowadzono metodą elementów skończonych w oprogramowaniu Simufact Forming. Uzyskane wyniki nie potwierdziły przyjętych założeń. Zastosowanie narzędzi z dwoma kątami kształtującymi wpłynęło na wzrost wartości kryterium pękania, co tym samym zwiększa ryzyko pękania materiału podczas walcowania osi kolejowych.

EN

This paper presents the results of numerical modelling of the cross-wedge rolling process of railway axle forgings. The main problem of material cracking in the cross-wedge rolling process is first presented. A proposal to reduce the phenomenon of material cracking by changing the design of forming tools is presented. Three tool variants were designed, the suitability of which in the process of cross-wedge rolling of railway axles was verified by means of numerical simulations. Numerical simulations were carried out using the finite element method in the Simufact Forming software. The results obtained did not confirm the assumptions made. The use of tools with two forming angles increased the value of the fracture criterion, thereby increasing the risk of material fracture during rolling of railway axles

3

Analiza numeryczna procesu wieloetapowego kształtowania odkuwki drążonej z kołnierzem zewnętrznym z wsadu rurowego

Winiarski Grzegorz, Bulzak Tomasz, Wójcik Łukasz

Hutnik, Wiadomości Hutnicze

|

2023

|

Vol. 90, nr 2

9--15

PL

W artykule przedstawiono nową metodę kształtowania wyrobów drążonych z kołnierzami z wsadu rurowego. Technologia polega na kilkuetapowym wytwarzaniu odkuwki z zastosowaniem technologii przepychania, nowej metody wyciskana z ruchomą tuleją oraz spęczania. Weryfikację zaproponowanej metody kucia na zimno przeprowadzono w oparciu o obliczenia numeryczne wykonane w programie Deform-2D/3D wykorzystującym metodę elementów skończonych. Założono, że materiałem wsadowym jest rura z stali 42CrMo4 o znormalizowanych wymiarach przekroju poprzecznego. Analizie poddano dwa warianty procesu różniące się kinematyką trzpienia. Zastosowano trzpień przemieszczający się z taką samą prędkością jak stempel oraz trzpień nieruchomy. W ramach wyników przedstawiono progresję kształtu odkuwki, rozkłady naprężeń, odkształceń, temperatur, wartości całki Cockrofta Lathama oraz parametry siłowe. Analiza uzyskanych wyników potwierdziła słuszność zaproponowanej metody.

EN

The paper presents a new method of shaping hollow products with flanges from a tubular billet. The technology consists in a multistage forming of the forgings using the extrusion technology, a new extrusion method with a movable sleeve and upsetting. The verification of the proposed cold forging method was carried out on the basis of numerical calculations made in the Deform-2D/3D program using the finite element method. It was assumed that the billet material is a 42CrMo4 steel tube with standardized cross-sectional dimensions. Two variants of the process with different mandrel kinematics were analyzed. A mandrel moving at the same speed as the punch and a stationary mandrel were used. As part of the results, the progression of the forging shape, stress distributions, strains, temperatures, Cockroft-Latham integral values and force parameters were presented. The analysis of the obtained results confirmed the correctness of the proposed method.

4

New Methodology for Predicting the Cracking Phenomenon in the Radial Extrusion Process of Hollow Parts with a Flange

Winiarski Grzegorz, Samołyk Grzegorz

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

|

2023

|

Vol. 17, no 3

64--72

EN

The selected issue of flange cracking in the radial extrusion process of hollow parts has been discussed in this paper. The researches were carried out based on numerical calculations in the Deform 3D software and experimental tests, which were carried out using pipe billets made of aluminum alloy EN AW 6063. A new methodology has been developed that allows to determine the place and approximate moment of material cohesion loss. This is determined from the results of the FEM calculation only, and does not require calibration tests. The method is based on a detailed analysis of the state of stress, state of strain in the forging, and is focused on identifying zones with an uneven distribution of the mentioned parameters. Determination of characteristic zones with a zero increase in the strain effective value makes it possible to determine, with a high approximation, the maximum (due to the phenomenon of cracking) diameter of the flange. The results of numerical calculations showed a high agreement with the results of experimental tests, in which the maximum diameter of the flange was determined.

5

Mandrel-Free Bending of Tubes with Small Radii – A Theoretical and Experimental Study

Michalczyk Jacek, Gontarz Andrzej, Wiewiórska Sylwia, Winiarski Grzegorz

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

|

2023

|

Vol. 17, no 4

189--205

EN

This paper presents the theoretical and experimental results of a study investigating a new method for tube bending. The method involves three-point bending of a tube without using a mandrel. The bending process was conducted with a small bending radius of Rg = 1.5Dz (where Dz is the outside diameter of the bent tube) and a large bending angle of 1800. The novelty of the proposed solution is the use of new shapes of bending roll impression. Instead of the standard circular-shaped impression, an elliptical-shaped impression was used. The aim of the study on the proposed small radius tube bending technique was to optimize the shape of roll impression in terms of minimizing ovalization and flattening of the tube cross section in the bending zone. Previous studies only showed that circular impressions were inefficient. The tube bending process conducted with a circular impression roll, without the use of a mandrel or other type of filling to achieve an angle ranging 900 ÷ 1800 , led to the flattening of the cross section. The tube wall in the upper zone would crack or its cross section would become deformed and oval. This theoretical and experimental study was conducted on tubes with an outside diameter of Dz=20 mm and a wall thickness of g=2 mm, made of 16Mo3 boiler steel and EN-AW 6060 aluminum alloy. Obtained results were then used to determine the ranges of bending roll impression parameters that ensured that the product would meet the standardized conditions of cross-sectional ovalization in the bending zone. The tool developed for this study can be applied in industrial practice.

6

Analysis of Two Schemes of Cold Forging of a Hollow Ball

Samołyk Grzegorz, Winiarski Grzegorz

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

|

2023

|

Vol. 17, no 4

53--60

EN

The paper discusses the cold forging process of a hollow ball made of aluminum alloy. The forging is carried out in dies with a closed cavity, and the billet is shaped like a tube. Two forging schemes are considered. The first scheme is the primary way of forming from a tubular billet, in which the wall deforms freely and is subject to buckling. The second scheme involves the use of an additional tool in the form of a deformable insert consisting of two rings to counteract the uncontrolled deformation of the billet wall. Experimental and theoretical analysis was carried out to compare the progression of forging shape, strain, forging force and stress.

7

Microstructure and Hardness of Cold Forged 42CrMo4 Steel Hollow Component with the Outer Flange

Szala Mirosław, Winiarski Grzegorz, Bulzak Tomasz, Wójcik Łukasz

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

|

2022

|

Vol. 16, no 4

201--210

EN

For decades, steel has been a crucial structural material. Mainly low-alloy steel grade ISO 42CrMo4 is utilized for manufacturing forgings. This paper investigates the microstructure and hardness development of the 42CrMo4 steel hollow component with an outer flange. The component has been formed via cold forging in combination with extrusion and upsetting technologies. Prior to forming, the workpiece was annealed to obtain hardness at the level of 181±9 HV0.3. The FEM analysis reveals the areas that undergo higher stress and strain. The flow lines macrostructure and microstructure of hollow parts were investigated using light optical microscopy (LOM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with EDS. Vickers hardness allows identifying the work hardening of the crucial element areas. The microstructure consists of ferrite matrix and semi-globular carbides. Laboratory studies confirm appropriate flow lines arrangement, which corresponds well to those shown by FEM computer simulations. The highest hardness at the level of 293±7 HV0.3 was identified in the flange area, where the material shows a higher distribution of effective strain revealed by FEM. Cold metal forming results in work-hardening of the steel. The work hardening ranges up to 1.62 of the initial 42CrMo4 steel hardness. The metal forming process did not affect the microstructural uniformity of the flanged hollow part. The final outer flange component presents high quality and is free from plastic deformation nonuniformities.

8

Influence of austenitic interlayer on the properties of stellite padding welds after impact-hardening

Henzler Weronika, Sawa Mateusz, Trębicki Przemysław, Szala Mirosław, Winiarski Grzegorz

Welding Technology Review

|

2021

|

R. 93, nr 2

13--20

EN

Stellites (Co-Cr-W-C) are the specific group of coating materials used for surface modification of the engineering materials and for remanufacturing. The aim of the paper was to research the influence of austenitic (308LSi) interlayer on hardening rate of stellite 1 and stellite 6 after impact hardening. The samples have been cladded by TIG welding method with interlayer and without. Before impact hardening the samples have been visually and penetrant non-destructive tested. The samples after impact hardening have been tested by metallographic and Vickers hardness methods. The highest impact hardening effect have been revealed for coatings deposited with interlayer. The highest impact hardening effect was achieved for the padding welds produced with the interlayer, i.e. for stellite 1 (increased by 29.8%) and stellite 6 (increased by 42.7%). The hardening of the coating samples deposited without interlayer was lower and amounted to stellite 1 (increased by 13.7%) and stellite 6 (increased by 29.8%) respectively. The highest hardness values were obtained for impact-hardened cladded welds without the use of an interlayer (stellite 1; 790 HV0.1 and stellite 6; 732 HV0.1). The use of an interlayer reduces the hardness of the stellite coating while increasing the susceptibility to hardening and plastic deformation of the produced coating.

PL

Stellity (Co-Cr-W-C) stanowią grupę materiałów stosowanych do napawania produkcyjnego i regeneracyjnego. Celem pracy było zbadanie wpływu międzywarstwy austenitycznej (308LSi) na stopień umocnienia się napoin stellitowych (stellit 1 i stellit 6), poddanych działaniu obciążeń udarowych. Próbki napawano metodą TIG z zastosowaniem międzywarstwy oraz bez udziału międzywarstwy. Po przeprowadzeniu badań wizualnych i penetracyjnych próbki zostały poddane utwardzeniu udarowemu. Wykonano badania metalograficzne oraz badania mikrotwardości sposobem Vickersa. Największe utwardzenie udarowe uzyskano dla napoin wytworzonych z międzywarstwą, tj. dla stellitu 1: 29.8% i stellitu 6: 42.7%. Utwardzenie próbek napawanych bez międzywarstwy było niższe i wynosiło kolejno dla stellitu 1: 13.7% i stellitu 6: 29.8%. Najwyższe wartości twardości uzyskano dla napoin utwardzanych udarowo bez zastosowania międzywarstwy (stellit 1; 790 HV0,1 i stellit 6; 732 HV0,1). Zastosowanie międzywarstwy obniża mikrotwardość powłoki stellitowej jednocześnie zwiększając podatność do umocnienia i odkształcenia plastycznego wytworzonej powłoki.

9

Research of the Tool Velocity and Product Shape Aspects of the Hot Radial Rolling of C45 Steel Rings

Surdacki Piotr, Gontarz Andrzej, Winiarski Grzegorz, Samołyk Grzegorz

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

|

2021

|

Vol. 15, no 4

352--363

EN

The control of product shape and dimensions poses some problems in hot ring rolling. In the rolling process, material flows both circumferentially and axially, which leads to increased ring height. Changes in shape and dimensions of ring cross section depend on several process parameters, which makes it difficult to predict ring diameter. This paper presents the results of a study investigating the hot radial rolling process for C45 steel rings in terms of the effect of main roll feed speed on product geometry. It was found that the application of a higher feed speed of the main roll and thus of a greater ratio between this speed and circumferential speed of the main roll led to increased axial material flow and reduced cross-sectional defect known as ”fishtail”. Machining losses generated due to cross-sectional defects were also determined. Results were used to determine the feed speed to circumferential speed ratio ensuring the lowest possible cross-sectional defect and material consumption.

10

Numerical analysis of three-stage the forming process hollow forgings with an outer flange

Wójcik Łukasz, Bulzak Tomasz, Winiarski Grzegorz, Szala Mirosław

Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie

|

2020

|

nr 62 (134)

142--147

EN

This article presents the results of computer simulations used to investigate the forming of a hollow coldworked forging with an outer flange. Numerical simulations were performed in Deform 2D/3D using a calculation module for axial-symmetric cases. A ϕ57×12.5 mm tube-shaped billet from 42CrMo4 grade steel was used. The forming process involved two and three stages, consisting of extrusion the shaft portion and forging the flange. The objective of this research was to determine the accuracy of the forming process used to produce the hollow part. This technology was analyzed using the effective strain distributions, the Cockcroft-Latham fracture criterion values, and the forming force progression. The results showed that it was possible to use this three-stage process to forge elements from a tube-shaped billet.

11

Numerical Analysis of a Six Stage Forging Process for Producing Hollow Flanged Parts from Tubular Blanks

Winiarski Grzegorz, Bulzak Tomasz Adam, Wójcik Łukasz, Szala Mirosław

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

|

2020

|

Vol. 14, no 1

201--208

EN

This paper presents the results of a numerical analysis of a cold forging process for a hollow flanged part. The analysis was performed using Deform 2D/3D. 42CrMo4 steel tubes were used as the billet material, and their material model in the annealed state was described by a constitutive equation. The forming process was performed in six stages with the use of methods such as extrusion with a movable sleeve, open-die extrusion, and upsetting. The objective of the study was to determine whether the proposed forging technique could be used to produce hollow parts with flanges. The determination was made based on the analysis of product geometry quality and process parameters, including the Cockcroft-Latham ductile fracture criterion and forming forces.

12

A New Method of Flanges Extrusion in Hollow Products – Analysis of the Limiting Phenomena

Winiarski Grzegorz, Bulzak Tomasz Adam, Wójcik Łukasz, Szala Mirosław

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

|

2020

|

Vol. 14, no 4

78--85

EN

The paper presents an innovative method of metal forming of hollow flanged elements. In this process, flanges are formed using a movable sleeve, which moves in the opposite direction to the punch. The movement of the sleeve causes a closed impression to open, due to which the flange is also formed in a semi-free impression. The tube billets were made of the 42CrMo4 grade steel deformed under the cold metal forming conditions. The calculations were conducted using the finite elements method in Deform-2D/3D. Various technological parameters of the process were analysed, among others the diameter of the flange and the initial height of the impression of the movable sleeve. On the basis of the obtained results, the limiting phenomena of the process were determined and the influence of the analysed technological parameters on these phenomena were presented.

13

Analiza procesu przepychania bez trzpienia półfabrykatów rurowych

Bulzak Tomasz, Winiarski Grzegorz, Wójcik Łukasz, Szala Mirosław

Hutnik, Wiadomości Hutnicze

|

2019

|

Vol. 86, nr 7

207--210

PL

Artykuł przedstawia wyniku symulacji numerycznych, w których analizowano wpływ parametrów matrycy oraz geometrii półfabrykatu rurowego na proces przepychania bez trzpienia osiowosymetrycznych elementów drążonych. Badania numeryczne przeprowadzono metodą elementów skończonych z wykorzystaniem oprogramowania Deform 2D. W rezultacie przeprowadzonej analizy wyznaczono: rozkład intensywności odkształcenia, stan naprężeń, zmiany grubości ścianek odkuwek drążonych oraz charakterystyki siłowe procesu. Wyniki zrealizowanych badań wskazują na silną zależność przebiegu procesu przepychania wyrobów drążonych od początkowej grubości ścianki wsadu rurowego oraz kąta matrycy.

EN

The paper presents the numerical results of investigating the effect of geometrical parameters of die and tubular specimen on open die extrusion process without mandrel realized for hollow axisymmetric shafts. The numerical investigation was performed by the finite element method (FEM) with the simulation software suite Deform 2D. As a result of the numerical analysis, the following were determined: distributions of the effective strain, distributions of the state of stress, variations in wall thickness of the hollow shaft as well as variations in the force parameters of the process. The results demonstrate that the initial wall thickness of the tube and angle of the die have a significant effect on hollow parts open die extrusion process.

14

Analiza procesu przepychania bez trzpienia półfabrykatów rurowych

Bulzak Tomasz, Winiarski Grzegorz, Wójcik Łukasz, Szala Mirosław

Hutnik, Wiadomości Hutnicze

|

2019

|

Vol. 86, nr 9

287--290

PL

Artykuł przedstawia wyniku symulacji numerycznych, w których analizowano wpływ parametrów matrycy oraz geometrii półfabrykatu rurowego na proces przepychania bez trzpienia osiowosymetrycznych elementów drążonych. Badania numeryczne przeprowadzono metodą elementów skończonych z wykorzystaniem oprogramowania Deform 2D. W rezultacie przeprowadzonej analizy wyznaczono: rozkład intensywności odkształcenia, stan naprężeń, zmiany grubości ścianek odkuwek drążonych oraz charakterystyki siłowe procesu. Wyniki zrealizowanych badań wskazują na silną zależność przebiegu procesu przepychania wyrobów drążonych od początkowej grubości ścianki wsadu rurowego oraz kąta matrycy.

EN

The paper presents the numerical results of investigating the effect of geometrical parameters of die and tubular specimen on open die extrusion process without mandrel realized for hollow axisymmetric shafts. The numerical investigation was performed by the finite element method (FEM) with the simulation software suite Deform 2D. As a result of the numerical analysis, the following were determined: distributions of the effective strain, distributions of the state of stress, variations in wall thickness of the hollow shaft as well as variations in the force parameters of the process. The results demonstrate that the initial wall thickness of the tube and angle of the die have a significant effect on hollow parts open die extrusion process.

15

Analiza numeryczna procesu przepychania rury na zimno z zastosowaniem trzpienia

Wójcik Łukasz, Winiarski Grzegorz, Bulzak Tomasz, Szala Mirosław

Hutnik, Wiadomości Hutnicze

|

2019

|

Vol. 86, nr 11

333--336

PL

W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań numerycznych procesu przepychania z trzpieniem rury na zimno ze stali jakościowej w gatunku 42CrMo4. Do obliczeń wykorzystano program komputerowy DEFORM 2D/3D wykorzystujący metodę obliczeń MES. Rurę o średnicy zewnętrznej 35 mm i grubości ścianki 2,6 mm kształtowano w narzędziach o czterech różnych kątach stożka roboczego zapewniających trzy różne redukcje grubości ścianki wsadu. Badania zrealizowano w dwóch etapach, w których wyznaczono optymalny kąt stożka roboczego matrycy oraz określono wpływ wielkości zgniotu na przebieg procesu. W ramach wyników przedstawiono parametry siłowe procesu, rozkłady naprężeń, odkształceń i temperatur w uzyskanych wyrobach. Na podstawie badań stwierdzono, że optymalny kąt stożka roboczego wynosi 15º.

EN

The article presents the results of the numerical investigation of the process of cold open die extrusion of tubes with mandrel made of steel in the 42CrMo4 grade. For the calculations, DEFORM 2D/3D software was used. This software is based on the finite elements method. A tube with the outer diameter 35 mm and wall thickness of 2.6 mm was formed in four tools with four different working cone angles, ensuring three different reductions of the thickness of the billet wall. The research was conducted in two stages, where the optimum working cone angle of the die and the influence of the degree of cold work on the process were determined. Within the results, the following values were presented: force parameters of the process and distributions of stress, strain and temperatures in the obtained products. Upon examination it was stated that the optimum working cone angle equals 15º.

16

Flange formation in aluminium alloy EN AW 6060 tubes by radial extrusion with the use of a limit ring

Winiarski Grzegorz, Gontarz Andrzej, Samolyk Grzegorz

Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering

|

2019

|

Vol. 19, no. 4

1020--1028

EN

The paper presents the results of tube flange forming by radial extrusion. The process was carried out according to two variants: with and without the use of a limit ring. The objective of the study reported in this paper was to determine the effect of the die corner radius and the gap height on the course of the radial extrusion process, determine the limit diameter of the flange and effect of limit ring dimensions on the radial extrusion process performed with the use of this ring. The research was performed in cold working conditions with the use of tubular billet made of 6060 aluminium alloy. The analyses were based on experimental tests using a testing machine and numerical calculations based on FEM. Obtained results dem-onstrate that the use of a limit ring has a positive effect on the state of stress in the extruded flange, which – in turn – allows to produce flanges with relatively big diameters. Such flanges are also characterised by lower thickening than those produced by radial extrusion process without ring.

17

Effect of Tool Kinematics on Tube Flanging by Extrusion with a Moving Sleeve

Winiarski Grzegorz, Bulzak Tomasz Adam, Wójcik Łukasz, Szala Mirosław

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

|

2019

|

Vol. 13, no 3

210--216

EN

This paper presents the results of a numerical investigation into tube flanging by extrusion with a moving sleeve. Two cases of the extrusion process are investigated, each described with a different tool kinematics. Effects of flange diameter, gap height and tool motion on the extrusion process are examined. The numerical analysis is performed on 42CrMo4 steel tubes deformed at ambient temperature. Obtained numerical results are then used to determine metal flow patterns and examine force parameters in the extrusion process, as well as to determine a technological window for the investigated method.

18

Creating the Structure and Properties of 7075 Alloy Casts by Thermal and Forming Processes

Majerski Krzysztof, Dziubińska Anna, Winiarski Grzegorz, Szucki Michał, Drozdowski Krzysztof

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

|

2019

|

Vol. 13, no 4

15--21

EN

In this paper, the hot formability of 7075 aluminum alloy sand and permanent casting ingots were verified. The experiment was carried out by using casting, heat treatment (homogenization) of ingots and conducting isothermal compression tests at temperatures of 420-500°C. The effect of the forming temperature on the microstructure, the tendency for crack formation and hardness were determined. The results show that ingots in the as-cast state have a dendritic network structure rich in the second phase precipitation on the grain boundaries. After the homogenization process, the microstructure is significantly more balanced. The forming process at 420-480°C of sand casts leads to significant grain elongation and crack formation, mainly at the grain boundaries. Raising the forming temperature to 480-500°C leads to a reduction in the occurrence of cracks. On the other hand, permanent mold castings do not reveal cracks during deformation in the temperature range 420-480°C.

19

Investigation of the deformability of aluminium-copper casting alloys

Winiarski Grzegorz, Dziubińska Anna, Majerski Krzysztof, Szucki Michał, Drozdowski Krzysztof

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

|

2018

|

Vol. 12, no 3

242--249

EN

The paper presents the results of a numerical analysis and experimental tests investigating the deformability of castings made of two aluminium alloys: EN AW-2017A and EN AW-2024. Test specimens were produced by two casting methods: sand casting and permanent mould casting. The castings were first subjected to homogenizing annealing; afterwards, they were shaped into cylindrical specimens for an upsetting test. This test was conducted on a hydraulic press in the temperature range of 420500˚C. Visual inspection of the specimens and examination of their microstructure were performed. Hardness of selected specimens was also measured. The study led to determination of the effect of the mould type on the deformability of the castings and the hardness of forgings obtained from these casting. Obtained results also became a basis for determining the forging temperature ranges for casting preforms made of the investigated aluminium alloys.