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Housing market facing pandemic Covid-2019

Zaremba Aneta, Blaszke Małgorzata, Mickiewicz Bartosz, Skorupa Jakub

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2024

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z. 194

689--700

EN

Purpose: The aim of this article is to present the situation of the housing market in the face of the conditions resulting from the covid-19 pandemic. The research focuses on the phenomena that took place in the individual quarters of the years 2019-2021, i.e. just before the pandemic period, during the restrictive phase of the pandemic and just after the pandemic. Design/methodology/approach: Data for 16 cities, which are provincial capitals, were analysed. The source data comes from the Central Statistical Office (CSO) and the Report on the Situation on the Residential and Commercial Real Estate Market in Poland in 2019, 2020 and 2021 prepared by the National Bank of Poland. The methodology of the research was based on statistical methods, and a study was made of changes over time in the number of transactions made and average unit prices of residential units and rental rates, as well as the number of dwellings offered. Findings: The research shows that the market dynamics hardly slowed down during the pandemic period. In all surveyed cities, an increase in unit prices of residential units and a decrease in rental rates were observed in selected quarters of 2020. In 2021, the residential property market in the main cities in Poland was in an expansionary phase. The number of transactions made was strongly influenced by the ability to obtain mortgage loans. During the study period, the interest rate was at a significantly low level. On the basis of the research carried out, it must be concluded that the market that defended itself from the pandemic crisis was the residential market. This supports the finding that residential real estate is perceived as a relatively safe investment of capital, which has so far yielded higher rates of return compared to placing cash in safer assets such as Treasury bonds or bank deposits. Originality/value: The publication describes the behaviour of the residential property market during and immediately after the COVID 19 pandemic. Demand, supply and prices of residential units are analysed. The publication is aimed at those analysing the impact of pandemics and other unusual events on markets and real estate professionals.

2

Developments in the agricultural real estate market in the context of the acquisition of real estate by foreigners

Blaszke Małgorzata, Zaremba Aneta, Mickiewicz Bartosz

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2024

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z. 192

33--42

EN

Purpose: The aim of the study was to analyse the legal provisions regulating the acquisition of real estate by foreigners and to indicate the area of agricultural real estate acquired by foreigners in the years 2010-2021. The analysis attempts to describe the problems resulting from the lack of coherence between the Act on shaping the agricultural system and the Act on the acquisition of real estate by foreigners. Design/methodology/approach: The research methodology is based on an analysis of the existing legal and organisational regulations concerning the possibility of acquiring rights to real estate in the territory of the Republic of Poland. The authors have also reviewed the available literature in which authors have addressed issues related to the acquisition of real estate by foreigners. The annual reports made available by the Ministry of Interior and Administration on the implementation of the aforementioned Act were also used. Findings: Polish legislation favours the establishment and enlargement of family farms. At the same time, the law does not prohibit the running or enlargement of farms other than family farms, as persons running such farms may conclude agricultural land lease agreements or purchase land with the consent of the National Agricultural Support Centre. Importantly, foreigners from EU countries who decide to run an agricultural holding in Poland and obtain the status of an individual farmer have the same rights as Polish farmers with regard to not only the acquisition of agricultural land, but also direct payments, insurance in the Agricultural Social Insurance Fund (Kasa Rolniczego Ubezpieczenia Społecznego) or other rights and obligations related to agricultural activity in Poland. Originality/value: The publication addresses important issues concerning the acquisition of real estate in Poland by persons from both EU and non-EU countries. The subject matter is important in the context of the current socio-economic and political situation.

3

Housing cooperatives in a competitive real estate market

Blaszke Małgorzata, Skotarczak Teodor

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2022

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z. 156

55--69

EN

Purpose: The purpose of the publication was to attempt to present housing cooperatives as a competitive entity in relation to other entities forming the „real estate stock”. The resource of housing cooperatives was presented and compared to the resource of other entities operating on the real estate market in Poland. It also shows how housing cooperatives are performing on the real estate market in Poland. Design/methodology/approach: Empirical research on the competitiveness of housing cooperatives in the real estate market was nationwide. The number of dwellings put into use by particular entities operating on the real estate market in Poland has been analysed with a division into voivodships. The standard of buildings put into use has been characterized, and the quality of housing stock management has been analysed. Data concerning the number of dwellings completed has been obtained from the Local Data Bank of the Central Statistical Office and from the Analysis and Monitoring System form the Real Estate Market (AMRON). Findings: The legally and historically established position of the owner of often huge housing resources and the gap between housing cooperatives to function without any assessment of their competitiveness. Legal changes, which include the right to transform a cooperative right into separate ownership of premises, the right to change the property manager from a cooperative to a competitive commercial entity, undoubtedly force housing cooperatives to compete in the housing market in Poland. Originality/value: To date, competition between operators in the property market has not been studied. In this publication, the authors examined the competitiveness of housing cooperatives in relation to other business entities.

4

Environmental restrictions on agricultural properties located in protected area in the Western Pomeranian Voivodship

Blaszke Małgorzata, Zaremba Aneta

Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska

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2022

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z. 156

71--80

EN

Purpose: The aim of the publication is to provide a concise overview of the restrictions on the use of agricultural properties located in protected areas. Design/methodology/approach: As regards protected areas the Central Statistical Office publishes basic information annually in its studies and in the Local Data Bank on the forms of nature protection established in a given area, such as the area and forms and use in general terms for the whole country or by voivodeship, district and sometimes commune. However, it does not provide information on the overlapping of individual forms of nature protection and their spatial distribution, which was necessary in the case of this study. Therefore, an analysis of the spatial distribution and diversity of protected areas in the West Pomeranian Province was carried out using data made available by the General Directorate for Environmental Protection (individual forms of nature protection), the Central Geodetic and Cartographic Documentation Centre (territorial division units of the country), and cadastral data by districts from the Land Parcel Identification System. The study also used data from the Central Register of Nature Protection Forms maintained by the General Directorate for Environmental Protection and the Local Data Bank provided by the Central Statistical Office. Findings: The most restrictive restrictions on the management of agricultural real estate in protected areas occur in the case of the two most important legal forms of nature protection: national parks and nature reserves. With regard to the other forms of nature conservation, these restrictions are not felt as much by property owners. Originality/value: Research on the analysis of specific properties located in protected areas is rare. The authors wanted to show the constraints, difficulties faced by owners of agricultural properties located in environmentally valuable areas.

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Ratio of biologically vital area in local spatial plans as an instrument of green infrastructure creation in single- and multi-family residential in small and medium-sized towns in Poland

Szulczewska Barbara, Blaszke Małgorzata, Giedych Renata, Wójcik-Gront Elżbieta, Legutko-Kobus Paulina, Nowak Maciej

Teka Komisji Urbanistyki i Architektury Oddział PAN w Krakowie

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2022

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T. 50

189--201

EN

One of the principles of green infrastructure (GI) design is a multi-scale approach. Each scale requires taking into account various, differently aggregated GI building blocks. Eco-spatial indices are an important tool for implementing GI. These planning tools make it possible to define the proportion between built-up areas and blue-green areas of a project site. The Ratio of Biologically Vital Area (RBVA) is an indicator that is widely used in Polish spatial planning practice. The objective of this study was to determine how the RBVA is shaped in existing local spatial plans for single- and multi-family residential areas in 20 small and medium-sized towns, and to analyse whether and under what conditions the ratio used would guarantee the implementation of GI. The subject of the study were 814 local spatial plans of residential areas. The authors applied a document analysis method using the READ approach. In addition, statistical analyses of the data obtained and a detailed analysis of three selected plans were carried out. The most common ratio for multi-family residential areas was found to be at the level of 30%, while for single-family residential areas, it was 40%. Statistical analysis showed no significant differences between small and medium-sized towns for single-family residential areas. In turn, considerable differences were observed for multi-family residential areas (RBVA higher in medium-sized towns). The research corroborates that RBVA is a commonly used indicator. However, it guarantees only to a limited extent the possibility of GI implementation at the local scale.

PL

Jedną z zasad projektowania zielonej infrastruktury (ZI) jest podejście wieloskalowe. Każda skala wymaga wzięcia pod uwagę różnych, inaczej zagregowanych składowych ZI. Wskaźniki ekoprzestrzenne są ważnym narzędziem w realizacji ZI. Owe narzędzia planistyczne umożliwiają zdefiniowanie proporcji między terenem zabudowanym a niebiesko-zielonymi obszarami w obrębie działki zamierzenia budowlanego. Wskaźnik powierzchni biologicznie czynnej (WPBC) jest często stosowany w polskiej praktyce planistycznej. Celem niniejszego badania było ustalenie, jak WPBC został ukształtowany w istniejących planach zagospodarowania dla zabudowy jedno- i wielorodzinnej w 20 małych i średnich miastach, oraz przeanalizowanie, czy i w jakich warunkach wskaźnik ten zagwarantowałby implementację ZI. Obiektem badań było 814 miejscowych planów zagospodarowania w obszarach mieszkaniowych. Autorzy wykorzystali metodę analizy dokumentów READ. Ponadto wykonano analizę statystyczną pozyskanych danych oraz szczegółową analizę trzech wybranych planów. Najbardziej powszechną wartością wskaźnika dla zabudowy wielorodzinnej, jaką zaobserwowano, było 30%, natomiast dla zabudowy jednorodzinnej - 40%. Analiza statystyczna nie wykazała znaczących różnic między obszarami jednorodzinnymi w miastach małych i średnich. Zaobserwowano natomiast znaczące różnice w ramach obszarów wielorodzinnych (WPBC wyższe w miastach średnich). Badanie potwierdziło, że WPBC jest powszechnie stosowanym wskaźnikiem, niemniej tylko w niewielkim stopniu zapewnia on możliwość wprowadzenia ZI w skali lokalnej.

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Prawno-urbanistyczne problemy sporządzania miejscowych planów zagospodarowania przestrzennego w kontekście ochrony dziedzictwa kulturowego (lata 2017-2019)

Blaszke Małgorzata, Śleszyński Przemysław, Nowak Maciej

Prace Komisji Krajobrazu Kulturowego

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2021

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nr 45 (1)

7--28

PL

Artykuł zawiera prawno-urbanistyczną analizę wybranych (odnoszących się do kwestii ochrony zabytków i dziedzictwa kulturowego) zapisów miejscowych planów zagospodarowania przestrzennego. Cele artykułu są następujące: (1) przedstawienie kluczowych problemów związanych z interakcją sfery kulturowej i prawnej w kształtowaniu postanowień miejscowych planów zagospodarowania przestrzennego (mpzp); (2) wykazanie zróżnicowań międzyregionalnych i funkcjonalnych w tym zakresie (tj. związanych z indywidualną specyfiką gmin); (3) określenie (z perspektywy całego systemu gospodarki przestrzennej) optymalnych kierunków koordynacji sfery kulturowej i prawnej w mpzp. W tym celu przeanalizowano postanowienia dotyczące ochrony zabytków i dziedzictwa kulturowego we wszystkich mpzp uchwalonych w Polsce w latach 2017-2019, dokonując kategoryzacji poszczególnych postanowień i związanych z nimi zagadnień problematycznych. Wyniki wskazują na potrzebę silniejszej i bardziej doprecyzowanej ochrony walorów kulturowych, niż ma to miejsce w obecnie obowiązującym systemie prawnym.

EN

This article contains a legal and urbanistic analysis of selected (relating to the issue of protection of monuments and cultural heritage) provisions of local spatial development plans. The aims of the article are as follows: (1) to present the key problems related to the interaction of the cultural and legal spheres in shaping the provisions of local spatial development plans (LSDP); (2) to demonstrate the interregional and functional differences in this respect, i.e. related to the individual specificities of municipalities (communes, gminas); (3) to determine (from the perspective of the entire spatial management system) the optimal directions for the coordination of the cultural and legal spheres in LSDP. To this end, the provisions for the protection of monuments and cultural heritage in all LSDPs enacted in Poland in 2017-2019 were analyzed, and the individual provisions and related problematic issues were categorized. The results indicate the need for stronger and more detailed protection of cultural assets than is the case under the current legal system.

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The COVID-19 pandemic and the directions of changes in the Polish spatial management system

Nowak Maciej, Blaszke Małgorzata

Organizacja i Zarządzanie : kwartalnik naukowy

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2020

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nr 4

89--98

EN

Introduction/background: The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly changed many conditions for the functioning of local government units. This also applies to the sphere related to the spatial management system. Both formal and informal institutions play an important role in this system. The circumstances related to the pandemic give rise to the question of the scope of necessary modifications. Of course, the point is not to forcibly change most of the provisions (which, moreover, already required at least a fragmentary amendment) or impose new practices from above (the more so as such actions would only be effective to a limited extent). Aim of the paper: The aim of the article is to determine – on the basis of theses and conclusions made in literature on the subject covering various countries – the key directions of changes in the Polish spatial management system in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic (and its consequences). Materials and methods: The optimal scope of changes in the Polish spatial management system in relation to the pandemic was determined (treating statutory changes separately and changes related to planning practice separately), as well as their connection with the previously presented concepts of integrated development policy and flexibility in planning. In the face of the diagnosed challenges, the optimal directions for further discussion and possible directions of changes in regulations concerning the spatial management system were indicated. Results and conclusions: The issues associated with the pandemic further expose a number of previously diagnosed spatial planning problems. At the same time, they allow for a more precise orientation of both the optimal directions of legal (and informal) changes, as well as further scientific discussion. It should be noted that at this stage, we rely, to a large extent, on more general diagnoses.