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1

Risk management of projects in the Czech Republic

Taraba P., Hart M., Pitrova K.

Polish Journal of Management Studies

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2016

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Vol. 13, No. 1

181--191

EN

In business practice, projects are accompanied by a wide range of risks. It is necessary to continuously identify and assess the risks of projects. The aim of the paper is to deal with the issue of Risk Management of projects in various enterprises in the Czech Republic. The paper is divided into three main parts. The first part – Introduction is focused on defining the process of Project Management, Role of Project Manager, explains the process of Risk Management of projects and describes the methods, which will be applied subsequently. The second practical part includes analysis of project risks. In the third part, after identifying the most important risks in selected projects, there is a proposal to set up measures for their reduction or complete elimination. The research was carried out in enterprises located on the territory of the Czech Republic. Data collection took place between November 2014 and January 2015 using a questionnaire survey. The article concludes with proposed recommendations in Risk Management area according to the practical experience of project management methods application respecting the specifics of the Czech Republic.

PL

W praktyce gospodarczej projektom towarzyszy szeroka gama ryzyk. Konieczna jest ciągła identyfikacja i ocena ryzyka związanego z projektami. Celem artykułu jest zajęcie się kwestią zarządzania ryzykiem projektów w różnych przedsiębiorstwach w Republice Czeskiej. Niniejszy artykuł podzielony jest na trzy główne części. Część pierwsza - Wprowadzenie koncentruje się na zdefiniowaniu procesu zarządzania projektami, roli kierownika projektu, wyjaśnia proces zarządzania ryzykiem projektów i opisuje metody, które będą stosowane w kolejnych częściach. Część druga, praktyczna, obejmuje analizę ryzyka związanego z projektem. W trzeciej części, po zidentyfikowaniu najważniejszych zagrożeń w wybranych projektach, zaproponowano ustalenie środków dla ich zmniejszenia lub całkowitego wyeliminowania. Badania zostały przeprowadzone w przedsiębiorstwach znajdujących się na terytorium Republiki Czeskiej. Zbieranie danych miało miejsce w okresie od listopada 2014 do stycznia 2015 roku za pomocą badania ankietowego. Artykuł zakończono proponowanymi zaleceniami w dziedzinie zarządzania ryzykiem zgodnie z praktycznym zastosowaniem metod zarządzania projektami z uzwględnieniem specyfiki Republiki Czeskiej.

2

Inventory management system of a company the methodics to design

Hart M., Tomaštík M., Taraba P.

Research in Logistics & Production

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2014

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Vol. 4, No. 4

293--305

EN

Pursuant to the statistics data of Eurostat, the economy of European Union is slowly recovering from year lasting recession. The gross domestic product volume increased in 2nd quarter of the year 2013 by 0,3%. The industrial companies in EU are nevertheless facing still increasing competitiveness as the European and global markets are developing under current business conditions. To be successful within the frame of current supply chains the companies must have well-developed logistics management systems to effectively treat with flows streaming in their inner or outer supply chains. One of the main elements of company logistics management systems is inventory management subsystem to plan, to manage and to control particular stock items. In the paper it is briefly described the methodics to design effective inventory management system whether in industrial or service company (Hart, Musil & Taraba, 2014).

3

Methodics of production layout design and its importance to logistics management

Hart M., Lukoszová X., Taraba P.

Research in Logistics & Production

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2013

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Vol. 3, No. 3

225--238

EN

Contemporary global business market environment is characterized by high level of various requirements which are imposed on industrial companies in every branch. Those needs are related to e.g. manufacturing type, product quality and quantity, customer service, logistics indicators, etc. In final consequence the companies make an effort to develop logistics management systems to effectively manage their bulky material flows and simultaneously to minimize their costs. The enterprise logistics management systems are consisting of several subsystems, one of them is production logistics subsystem to effectively plan, to manage and to control all flows of manufacturing processes. For development of such subsystem it's necessary to have drawing documentation of production layouts. Production layouts are therefore crucial to effectively manage all manufacturing operations within the frame of given production logistics subsystem. Under current market conditions the companies should have drawing documentation of their production layouts in desired detail - industrial zone layout, production hall layout, production line layout, production workshop or cell layout and production workplace layout.

4

Logistics management based on demand forecasting

Hart M., Lukoszová X., Kubíková J.

Research in Logistics & Production

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2013

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Vol. 3, No. 1

71--80

EN

The companies of any industry are strongly affected with current globalization trend, which makes supply chain flows more and more bulky and complex. To be competitive in cost and eco-friend way under contemporary business market conditions, the companies should apply system approach of logistics management to plan, manage and control of their logistics processes. Each company’s system can be analysed and divided into essential logistics sub-systems: purchasing, production, packaging, warehousing, distribution and reverse material flow management. Thus, the system and process approach are crucial for up-to-date logistics systems or subsystems management in context of long-term sustainable growth. Any effective logistics management system should be based on sub-system of demand forecasting. Demand forecasting is increasingly getting important to make right managerial decisions. Well developed demand forecasting sub-sytem in a company is a ground for effective planning, management and control of all company’s processes then also for effective logistics or supply chain management.

5

Integrated stratigraphical study of the candidate Oxfordian Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) at Redcliff Point, Weymouth, Dorset, UK

Page K., Melendez G., Hart M., Price G., Wright J., Bown P., Bello J.

Volumina Jurassica

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2009

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Vol. 7, no. 1

101-111

EN

Ham Cliff near Redcliff Point, Weymouth, Dorset (SW England) exposes one of Europe's most complete Callovian-Oxfordian boundary sequences and has consequently been identified as a potential candidate GSSP for the base of the Oxfordian Stage. The boundary sequence lies within the thick mudrock facies of the Oxford Clay Formation and is abundantly fossiliferous, cardioceratid ammonites in particular being conspicuous. By convention, the stage boundary is drawn at the first occurrence of the genus Cardioceras here represented by C. redcliffense Page, Melendez and Wright at the base of the Scarburgense Subchronozone of the Mariae Chronozone. Associated Perisphinctoidea (including Peltoceras, Alligaticeras and Euaspidoceras) provide additional biostratigraphical information. Other macrofossil groups show less discernible changes, although frequent belemnites (Hibolithes) provide new highresolution carbon and strontium isotope data which are consistent with global curves and continuous sedimentation across the boundary interval. Magnetostratigraphic information is also available. Foraminiferal assemblages are dominated by epistominids but include a flood of early planktonic forms, including ?Globuligerina oxfordiana (Grigelis) immediately above the boundary. Well-preserved nannofloras are dominated by Watznaueria with conspicuous Zeugrhabdotus, podorhabdids and Stephanolithion indicating the NJ14 Biozone. Ostracoda and holothurian spicules are also recorded. These results are synthesised to provide a multidisciplinary, integrated review of the suitability of Redcliff Point for the definition of an Oxfordian GSSP. Correlations with the French candidate site in Haute-Provence are discussed and proposals made for formally establishing a GSSP for the base of the Oxfordian Stage in Europe.

6

The Wootton Bassett Mud Springs (Wiltshire, UK): an unusual Lagerstatten for Jurassic Foraminifera

Hart M., Henderson A., Frayling T.

Volumina Jurassica

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2006

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Vol. 4, no. 1

236-236

EN

On the 6th January 1997 the mud springs at Templars Firs, Wootton Bassett (Wiltshire) were designated a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) under Section 28 of the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981 (as amended). The springs are notified as an SSSI on the basis of their hydrogeological interest. Water seeping through the Lower Calcareous Grit and Coral Rag (of Oxfordian age) liquefies the Ampthill Clay Formation (uppermost Oxfordian) which then migrates to the surface in a series of mud springs. Many of the fossils brought to the surface still display their aragonitic shells and are quite beautifully preserved. An Autumn 2003 and again in Spring 2005 we have collected a series of samples with the permission of English Nature (Wiltshire Team) and these have been washed for foraminifera and ostracods. The microfauna have been described in a previous BGS report, although it is much more extensive and yields all the taxa associated with this stratigraphical interval. Many aragonitic taxa (epistominids) are present and beautifully preserved, including some of the stratigraphically significant taxa. Large agglutinated foraminifera appear to dominate one of the five active vents and are in an exceptional state of preservation. In the literature, many of these Jurassic taxa have been referred to modern, extant taxa, although this is almost certainly incorrect. The material from Wootton Bassett should allow for a more appropriate determination of these taxa. Also recorded are small planktic Foraminifera which extend our knowledge of the early evolution of the poorly-known Jurassic plankton.

7

Integrated stratigraphical study of the candidate Oxfordian Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) at Redcliff Point, Weymouth, Dorset, UK

Page K., Melendez G., Hart M., Price G., Wright J., Bown P., Bello J.

Volumina Jurassica

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2006

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Vol. 4, no. 1

200-201

EN

Redcliff Point near Weymouth, Dorset (SW England) exposes one of Europe’s most complete Callovian-Oxfordian boundary sequences and has been the subject of a rigorous multidisciplinary assessment. The boundary sequence lies entirely within the clay facies of the Oxford Clay Formation, the relatively high carbonate content of which facilitates the excellent preservation of both macro- and microfaunas (and floras) as well as geochemical information. Ammonites, in particular, are conspicuous, and partly retain an aragonitic shell. By convention, the stage boundary is drawn at the first occurrence of the genus Cardioceras, which has been interpreted as corresponding to the transition between “Quenstedtoceras” paucicostatum (Lang) and Cardioceras ex gr. scarburgense (Young and Bird), specifically at the first occurrence of C. woodhamense Arkell sensu Callomon (non Marchand). This transition is well seen at Redcliff and provides the primary means through which the boundary can be correlated. Associated Perisphinctina (including Peltoceras, Alligaticeras, Properisphinctes and Euaspidoceras) provide additional biostratigraphical information. Other macrofossil groups show less discernible changes, although the end of the Callovian in England marks the local, virtual disappearance of Boreal cylindroteuthid belemnites with the persistence of Tethyan hibolithids into the Early Oxfordian. Isotopic studies of recovered belemnites record important information on carbon and strontium isotopes and provide new, high resolution data for the refinement of the global curves. The isotope data are also consistent with continuous sedimentation across the boundary. Foraminiferal assemblages are dominated by poorly preserved epistominids. Planktonic Foraminifera are recorded, mainly as pyrite steinkerns. This makes identification difficult although a flood close to the boundary appears to be Globuligerina oxfordiana. Other planktonic taxa are present, including one species that may be new. Nannofloras are well preserved, common to abundant and dominated by Watznaueria britannica with conspicuous Zeugrhabdotus erectus, podorhabdids and Stephanolithion bigotii. The presence of Stephanolithion bigotii maximum throughout, places the samples within the NJ14 biozone. Ostrocoda and holothurian spicules are also recorded. These results are synthesised to provide a multidisciplinary, integrated review of the suitability of Redcliff Point for the definition of an Oxfordian GSSP. Correlations with the French candidate site in Savournon, Haute-Provence are discussed and proposals made for formally establishing a GSSP for the base of the Oxfordian Stage in Europe.

8

A Callovian-Kimmeridgian stable isotope record from Staffin Bay, Isle of Skye, UK: implications for the ocean-atmosphere system

Nunn E., Price G., Hart M., Page K., Leng M.

Volumina Jurassica

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2006

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Vol. 4, no. 1

198-198

EN

The Staffin Bay section in the Isle of Skye, UK is one of the most stratigraphically complete Oxfordian sections in Europe. This contribution presents the first high-resolution stable isotope record of this Middle Callovian to Early Kimmeridgian succession. The isotope record includes both terrestrial and marine data that were obtained from microscopic wood debris and belemnites respectively. The organic carbon-isotope record was derived from organic rich sediment samples taken almost entirely from the Staffin Shale Formation. This formation is largely represented by a series of isolated foreshore exposures dominated by mudrocks that were deposited in a predominantly offshore marine environment. Over 200 sediment samples were analysed from the 150 m section. The concurrent ä13C marine carbonate curve was produced using belemnites collected from the same formation. Approximately 200 belemnite horizons were sampled. The organic carbon-isotope data show a broad Lower to Middle Oxfordian positive carbon isotope excursion from the Mariae to Tenuiserratum Zone, with maximum values occurring in the Cordatum Zone. This is followed by a return to pre-excursion values continuing into the Early Kimmeridgian Cymodoce Zone. A brief negative excursion (of ~2‰) is also identified near the Densiplicatum-Tenuiserratum zones boundary. Rock-eval analysis confirms that the organic matter is predominantly terrestrial in origin. The concurrent ä13C marine carbonate curve derived from belemnites shows a broadly similar trend. This suggests that the positive carbon-isotope excursion recorded here may have affected the global carbon reservoir (i.e. the whole ocean-atmosphere system). The carbon-isotope record derived from this section appears to be generally consistent with Oxfordian Tethyan records (e.g. Wierzbowski 2002, 2004) and a preliminary study of the Staffin Bay area by Pearce et al. (2005).

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Jurassic planktonic foraminifera from Pieniny Klippen Belt and their taxonomic and phylogenetic importance (Carpathians, southern Poland)

Hudson W., Hart M., Sidorczuk M., Wierzbowski A.

Volumina Jurassica

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2005

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Vol. 3, no. 1

1-10

EN

In this brief review of the occurrence of planktonic foraminifera in the Middle and Upper Jurassic in the Pieniny Klippen Belt (Carpathians, southern Poland), we wish to draw attention to the importance of these faunas in early evolution of the group. The appearance of planktonic foraminifera could be related to major palaeogeographic changes in the Tethys during early Middle Jurassic which induced vigorous upwelling circulation making nutritiens available in the surface waters.

PL

Wiele wapieni pelagicznych występujących w pienińskim pasie skałkowym, zwłaszcza środkowo i górnojurajskie osady formacji wapienia czorsztyńskiego, wykazuje niezwykle liczne nagromadzenia otwornic planktonicznych. Zebrane próby pochodzą z pięciu odsłonięć, zlokalizowanych w obrębie pienińskiego pasa skałkowego, reprezentujących utwory od batonu do kimerydu (fig. 2) (por. Wierzbowski i in. 1999) - trzech z sukcesji czorsztyńskiej (Czorsztyn Zamek, potok Krupianka, Stankowa Skała) oraz dwóch z sukcesji niedzickiej (Niedzica Podmajerz, Czajakowa Skała) (fig. 1). Współczesne rozważania nad wczesną ewolucją otwornic planktonicznych (Simmons i in. 1997; Hart i in. 2003) wskazują, że dawniejsze poglądy o triasowym rodowodzie tej grupy organizmów są prawdopodobnie niesłuszne, i że wykształciła się ona dopiero na przełomie wczesnej i środkowej jury. Stan zachowania jurajskich otwornic planktonicznych w badanych płytkach cienkich przysparza jednak sporo kłopotów taksonomicznych, co dodatkowo wynika z obiektywnych trudności podania i oceny wartości cech rozpoznawczych dla poszczególnych gatunków. Znaczenie taksonomiczne szeregu cech (jak liczba komór w ostatnim zwoju, rozmiar i położenie ujścia oraz wysokość wierzchołka) jest bowiem stosunkowo ograniczone, a ekologiczne uwarunkowanie występowania tych cech jest słabo poznane. Zmienność badanych otwornic z pienińskiego pasa skałkowego w płytkach cienkich, pomimo dużego interwału stratygraficznego, z którego pochodzą (dolny baton - dolny kimeryd), jest niewielka. Wspomniane wcześniej okoliczności nie pozwalają stwierdzić n.p. jednoznacznie czy najczęściej spotykane formy należą do gatunku Globuligerina bathoniana Pazdrowa, czy też G. oxfordiana Grigelis, które różnią się zwłaszcza kształtem ujścia (pl. 1). Można się spodziewać jedynie, że okazy występujące w osadach dolnego batonu formacji wapienia niedzickiego są blisko spokrewnione, jeśli nawet nie identyczne, z gatunkiem G. bathoniana, na co może wskazywać, obserwowany niekiedy w płytkach cienkich, bardziej strzelisty kształt wierzchołka skorupki. Obfitość występowania otwornic planktonicznych w badanych osadach środkowej i górnej jury pienińskiego pasa skałkowego może mieć jednak duże znaczenie w rozważaniach nad ewolucją otwornic planktonicznych, co stanie się szczególnie wyraziste wówczas gdy podjęte próby maceracji metodą acetolizy doprowadzą do pełnej ekstrakcji skorupek tych organizmów ze skały. Masowe występowanie otwornic planktonicznych w północnej części oceanu Tethys jest zagadnieniem niezwykle ciekawym, a jednocześnie mało poznanym. W osadach europejskiej części oceanu otwornice planktoniczne występowały u schyłku wczesnego bajosu (doba Humphriesianum), a ich liczniejsze nagromadzenia z tego czasu odnotowano w wielu rejonach, jak n.p. Góry Bakony (Wernli i Görög 1999), Apeniny (rejon Umbria-Marche - Baumgartner 1990) i pieniński pas skałkowy (Tyszka 1999). Skorupki otwornic planktonicznych występowały już bardzo licznie w wapieniach pelagicznych typu ammonitico rosso w środkowej (schyłek bajosu-kelowej) i późnej jurze (Wierzbowski i in. 1999). Wapienie ammonitico rosso były charakterystyczne dla podmorskich wyniesień, a równowiekowe osady basenowe były zdominowane przez osady bogate w radiolarie. Silny rozkwit organizmów planktonicznych podczas środkowej i późnej jury mógł być związany ze zmianami paleogeograficznymi, takimi jak tworzenie się wąskich oceanicznych basenów i długich podmorskich wyniesień, które mogły wymuszać intensywną cyrkulację prądów wznoszących dostarczających do strefy przypowierzchniowej wody dużej ilości składników odżywczych. Wyraźna paleogeograficzna przebudowa europejskiej części Tethys rozpoczęła się w bajosie (Bill i in. 2001; Plašienka 2003); we wczesnym bajosie ukształtował się też śródoceaniczny grzbiet czorsztyński w pienińskim basenie skałkowym (Krobicki i Wierzbowski 2004). Wzmożona aktywność oceanicznych systemów ryftowych mogła zaowocować transgresją i otwarciem szerokich morskich połączeń między oceanem Tethys i morzami epikratonicznymi Europy. Właśnie taki proces mógł spowodować we wczesnym oksfordzie migrację otwornic planktonicznych daleko ku północy, nie tylko do epikratonicznej Polski centralnej, ale nawet znacznie dalej, do Polski północnej, Litwy, południowej Szwecji i południowej Anglii (Grigelis 1958, 1985; Grigelis i Norling 1999; Smoleń 2000; Oxford i in. 2002).