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Impact of the European Beaver Castor fiber on Deadwood Resources in Lowland River Valley – A Case Study in Wigry National Park (NE Poland)

Misiukiewicz W., Piętka S., Bielinis E.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2018

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Vol. 66, nr 3

270--285

EN

The impact of the European beaver Castor fiber on deadwood resources near dams on the rivers of Wigry National Park (northeastern Poland) has been analyzed. The river sampling area was subdivided into the flooded zone, scarp and upland. We found that beaver feeding was limited to the flooded zone and the scarp. Within a distance of 40 m of the river, beavers browsed 75% of all deadwood pieces (wood debris, stumps, dead trees). The wood generated via direct browsing by beavers made up 5% (3.29 m3/ha) of the total wood volume and 35% (641 pieces/ha) of the total number of wood pieces in this region. The beavers mostly left small pieces of wood (with a mean diameter of about 4 cm) at an area after feeding. The deadwood volume and number of pieces were significantly different in front and behind the dam only in the flooded zone. The volume of deadwood in front of the dam in the flooded zone was higher by 65% than behind the dam (102 and 62 m3/ha, respectively), and the number of pieces was higher by 75% (2200 and 1200 pieces/ha, respectively). We prove that beavers generate the majority of dead wood indirectly – by flooding a part of the area. This results leads to conclusion that frequent flooding of a given area may lead to limiting the source of deadwood in the long term. We also confirm that through direct browsing, beavers produce small amounts of thin dead wood with less usefulness for other groups of animals, thus in this way beavers are not able to provide high-quality deadwood resources.

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Wykorzystanie terenów przyrodniczo cennych województwa warmińsko- -mazurskiego w terapii lasem: konteksty, możliwości, ograniczenia

Bielinis L., Bielinis E., Zawadzka A., Omelan A., Makowska M., Kuszewska K.

Ekonomia i Środowisko

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2016

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nr 1

236--245

PL

W niniejszym artykule zadajemy sobie trud uporządkowania faktów i oddzielenia ich od mitów odnoszących się do mniej lub bardziej różnorodnych, aczkolwiek w swej podstawie wciąż jednolitych, form terapii mieszczących się w kategorii „silvoterapia”. Mamy tym samym nadzieję, iż wpłynie to chociaż w niewielkim stopniu na upowszechnienie wiedzy i tym samym na przychylne nastawienie opinii społecznej. Zawarliśmy też listę „zaleceń dobrej praktyki”, której wypełnianie ma służyć maksymalizacji wykorzystania rodzimych drzewostanów przez środowiska zainteresowane prowadzeniem silvoterapii.

EN

In this article we try to put in order the facts and separate them from the myths related to more or less varied forms of therapy situated within the category of ‘silvotherapy’. We also try to estimate the possibilities of applying the silvotherapy under the Warmia-Mazury regional conditions, associating it with the objectives of national and international tourism. After all, in the context of conducting the silvotherapy, we positively assess the usefulness of forest stands in the region and propose a list of ‘principles of good practice’, which is designed to maximize the use of native forest stands by local groups interested in ‘silvotherapy’.

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Walory turystyczne, rekreacyjne, przyrodnicze Olsztyna i okolic według opinii mieszkańców

Bielinis L., Bielinis E., Zawadzka A., Omelan A., Makowska M.

Ekonomia i Środowisko

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2015

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nr 4

235--242

PL

W niniejszym artykule przedstawiono opinie mieszkańców Olsztyna o walorach obszarów przyrodniczo cennych występujących na terenie miasta i w jego najbliższych okolicach. Przyjęto hipotezę główną, zgodnie z którą mieszkańcy Olsztyna do walorów przyrodniczo cennych zaliczają bliskość oraz dostępność jezior, rzek i lasów. Zasoby przyrody „współzawodniczą” z zasobami czasu ludności, która może wydatkować swój czas na interakcję z innymi zasobami, chociażby takimi jak zabytkowa architektura miasta czy liczne imprezy kulturalne. W celu zweryfikowania hipotezy podjęto również próbę ostatecznego wyjaśnienia, jakie są najważniejsze walory kulturowe i przyrodnicze miasta oraz jego najbliższych okolic.

EN

The aim of the paper was to point out assets of Olsztyn, which decide on its attractiveness as a tourist destination. A survey was conducted among one hundred residents of Olsztyn (N = 100). Surveyed group consisted of fifty adults and fifty secondary school students. The majority of respondents considered Olsztyn and neighbouring area an attractive tourist destination, also stated that the city had numerous recreational and natural attractions. According to the opinion of the respondents, the major natural and cultural assets of Olsztyn and its neighbouring area are: lakes, forests, gothic castle, High Gate and the Planetarium.

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Competition between sessile oak (Quercus petraea) and black cherry (Padus serotina) : dynamics of seedlings growth

Robakowski P., Bielinis E.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2011

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Vol. 59, nr 2

297-306

EN

Competition is an evolutionary mechanism which exerts a selection pressure on living organisms. Forest trees compete for light, water and nutrients, especially at a young age. It was observed that the Quercus petraea and Padus serotina natural regenerations occupied the same site growing under the canopy of Scots pine (Pinus silvestris L.). To simulate the competition between young sessile oaks and black cherries found in forest, a controlled experiment was conducted using one-year-old seedlings of both species. There were eight treatments of different competition intensity. The treatments were established varying the number of potted seedlings and adding fresh cherry leaves to the substrate to enhance allelopathic effects. It was hypothesized that black cherry would reduce the height growth and diameter at root collar of sessile oak seedlings and this inhibitory effect would be magnified by an increasing number of cherry seedlings and/or fresh leaves. Black cherry as an invasive, fast-growing species was presumed to win the growth competition with oak. However, the differences in growth parameters would not only depend on genetic differences between the species, but also on the number of competing seedlings in pots and an allelopathic effect of cherry leaves. During the whole vegetative season, each two weeks, the growth parameters of seedlings (height, height increment and diameter at root collar) were measured. The results did not support the hypothesis that cherry had an inhibitory effect on oak growth, at least after one vegetative season. Contrary, a presence of cherry seedlings enhanced the oak height increment (F = 8.6, P <0.001) which might be due to either the strong interspecific competition for light or, less plausibly, positive allelopathic effect, or an interaction of both. Our results indicated a negative auto-allelopathic effect of cherry seedlings and/or fresh cherry leaves on height of cherry seedlings (F = 47.7, P <0.001). This invader showed a continuous and steep height increment within the whole vegetative season, whereas oak seedlings grew rapidly only in July. When compared the mean initial heights in April with those after the bud set in September, cherry was four fold and oak only two fold higher. A very intensive height increment gives black cherry an advantage over sessile oak at a young age which can disturb the spontaneous conversion of pine stands into a mixed pine-oak forest with a greater share of oak and other native deciduous tree species.