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Free-living interstitial Plathelminthes of the Baltic sea: diversity and abundance

Urban-Malinga B.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2011

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Vol. 59, nr 3

623-630

EN

Free-living Plathelminthes constitute an important component of meiobenthic communities in various marine benthic environments, but research focusing on this group is generally scarce. The current study investigated the free-living interstitial flatworms of the shallow sandy sublittoral zone of the southern Baltic coast. Sediment samples were taken at Hel Peninsula at water depths of 1.5 m and 7 m, and the plathelminths were identified alive to the species level. In total, 22 species were identified. The majority of the species belonged to Kalyptorhynchia and Proseriata, but Acoela recently moved from Plathelminthes into their own phyllum and represented by Mecynostomidae, was the most numerous group. The average total plathelminth densities ranged between 6 and 74 ind. 10 cm[^-2]. The vertical distribution of the plathelminth fauna in the sediments was usually limited to the upper 3-4 cm, except for acoels which penetrated deeper into the sediment layers. The role of both sediment water saturation and oxygen availability appeared to be the main factors limiting flatworm occurrence in the sediments investigated in this study.

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Microphytobenthic primary production along a non-tidal sandy beach gradient : an annual study from the Baltic Sea

Urban-Malinga B., Wiktor J.

Oceanologia

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2003

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No. 45 (4)

705-720

EN

The microphytobenthic primary production and chlorophyll a content were studied over the annual cycle (May 1998 - May 1999) on a non-tidal Baltic sandy beach at three stations along the beach gradient: littoral, waterline and splash zone. The chlorophyll a concentrations varied between 0.88 and 12.18 žg cm-3. Net and gross primary production rates respectively lay within the ranges 0.1-31.4 mgC m-2 h-1 and 0.2-41.8 mgC m-2 h-1. The highest values of both Chl a content and primary production were noted at the littoral station, the lowest ones at the waterline. The mean annual P/B ratio was highest at the waterline. The differences in Chl a content between stations were statistically significant and may be related to water dynamics, resuspension and water content. Production rates were highly variable on monthly time scales, and the highest results at all the study locations were noted in July. The gross photosynthetic rates were significantly correlated with water temperature.

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Seasonal changes of itersititial community respiration in a Baltic sandy beach

Urban-Malinga B., Opaliński K. W.

Oceanological Studies

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2002

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Vol. 31, No. 3-4

57-70

EN

Interstitial community respiration in a Baltic sandy beach on the Gulf of Gdańsk was investigated in terms of sediment oxygen consumption over a seasonal cycle. The study was carried out at four locations on the beach slope (littoral, waterline, splashzone and middle beach). Oxygen uptake changes over time were not statistically significant and no correlation was found between sediment respiration and water temperature. It seems that food supply to the sandy beach system is the predominant factor determining the interstitial community metabolism. The lowest values of oxygen consumption (9-33 cm3 O2 m-2 h-1) were noted in the middle beach station; the highest results (up to 212 cm3 O2 m-2 h-1) were related to the littoral site. Organic matter concentration in the sediment ranged between 0.09 and 0.9% dwt.

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Interstitial community oxygen consumption in a Baltic sandy beach: horizontal zonation

Urban-Malinga B., Opaliński K. W.

Oceanologia

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2001

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No. 43 (4)

455-468

EN

The oxygen consumption of a sandy beach interstitial community was determined on four occasions (January, May, August, October) on the Gulf of Gdansk (southern Baltic Sea). The study was carried out at four locations on the beach slope (littoral, waterline, splash zone and middle beach). Oxygen consumption varied from 158-159 cm3 O2 m-2 h-1 at the underwater site and waterline to 20-36 cm3 O2 m-2 h-1 in the middle beach. According to these data, interstitial organisms are able to utilize from 206 to 1641 mg of organic carbon per square metre per day. In general, metabolic activity decreased gradually from the waterline towards the middle beach, and a significant correlation was found between oxygen consumption and sediment water content. Changes in oxygen consumption on the beach slope were statistically significant.

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Sandy coastlines - are there conflicts between recreation and natural values?

Węsławski J.M., Urban-Malinga B., Kotwicki L., Opaliński K., Szymelfenig M., Dutkowski M.

Oceanological Studies

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2000

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Vol. 29, No. 2

5-18

EN

Unlike dunes, sandy beaches and the littoral zone are usually regarded as non-vulnerable. The biodiversity and biomass of interstitial organisms are low. How-ever, recent findings have shown that marine sands transfer energy very ef-fectively, and that chemical and biological reactions take place faster there than in fine-grained sediments. The importance of the microphytobenthos and bacteria to this system is little known. The effects of recreational pressure (trampling, beach cleaning and nourishment) are not well understood. A pilot study from the Baltic Sea shows the importance of trampling as a form of bioturbation, a very effective way of fragmenting and mixing organic matter with the sand. The high diversity of diatoms and meiofauna in undisturbed beaches may act as an effective biological filter for some types of pollutants, while less diverse, but more abundant biota in disturbed areas are more effective in processing organic matter (self-cleaning of the beach).

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Vertical zonation of the total, biotic and abiotic oxygen consumption on a Baltic sandy beach

Urban-Malinga B., Opaliński K. W.

Oceanological Studies

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1999

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Vol. 28, No. 3-4

85-96

EN

The oxygen consumption of a sandy beach on the Gulf of Gdansk (southern Baltic Sea) was determined. The study was carried out in three sediment layers (0-1, 1-6, 6-11cm) at four localities on the beach profile. Total oxygen consumption lay between 0.59 and 4.33 mm3 O2 cm-3 h-1. A significant linear correlation was found between sediment depth and total oxygen consumption in the littoral zone (r = 0.85) and in the splash zone (r = -0.71). The highest biotic oxidation was recorded in the upper sediment layers in the splash zone (0-1 cm: 1.57 mm3 O2 cm-3 h-1) and at the waterline (1-6 cm: 1.87 mm3 O2 cm-3 h-1). Meiofaunal respiration constituted 0.1- 3.0% of the biotic oxygen consumption. Abiotic oxygen consumption ranged between 0.07 and 3.43 mm3 O2 cm-3 h-1 and was the dominant component of total oxidation in deeper layers.