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Prof. dr Franciszek Uhorczak - Jego wkład w rozwój polskiej kartografii (w stulecie urodzin)

Sirko M., Mościbroda J.

Polski Przegląd Kartograficzny

2002

T. 34, nr 4

251-260

Autorzy przypominają sylwetkę naukową prof. Franciszka Uhorczaka z okazji setnej rocznicy urodzin. Artykuł ma dwa wątki. Pierwszy dotyczy wybranych informacji z życiorysu Profesora, natomiast drugi - zasadniczy - stanowi przegląd Jego dorobku naukowego.

The life of Professor Franciszek Uhorczak (1902-1981: the 100th anniversary of his bithday occurred in February 2002) can be divided into two periods. The first was connected with the Lvov geographical center, and the other with the University of Maria Skłodowska-Curie (UMCS) in Lublin. In 1932 he received a degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the field of geography, for his thesis "On the methodology of settlement research". The War years he spent in Lvov and came back to Poland in 1946. For two years he lectured cartography and anthropogeography at the Jagiellonian University in Cracow. In 1949 he moved to Lublin, where he headed the Chair of Economic Geopraphy, and worked in a local Commission of Regional Planning until 1952. Professor's scientific output is rich and diverse. As a result of constant research he realized forward-looking and often controversial works. His bibliography includes over 170 titles (J.Gurba 1972, J. Ostrowski 1982). Many of his works, especially maps remained unpublished. For him a map was a tool of research. Thematic cartography, especially socio-economic was his main field of interest. Many topics he developed throughout his life, e.g. the widely understood problems of isarithmic maps. Here one should mention the concept of the field of reference - he innovatively introduced moved circle fields, formulated the rule of interpolation triangles as a condition of correct interpolation and introduced fractured isarithms. Franciszek Uhorczak conducted research on every type of isolines, among which equidistants occupy a special place. He used them in his research on settlement when still in Lvov. Equidistants drawn around dwellings made it possible to obtain from topographic maps a geographically faithful picture of the range of settlement, which could then be transferred into a smaller scale. In his Lublin period he applied this method in General Map of Land Use in Poland as well as in a multisheet Map of World Settlement in 1:1 000 000. He won public acclaim for his original cartographic approach to the maps in the 5-volume "Popular Geography" edited by PWN (Polish Scientific Publishers), and especially 19 landscape maps in the last three volumes. Professor had an exceptional ability to compute numeral indexes and use them in tables and diagrams. Among his more important works in which he used this ability is Physical Geography in Numbers, so co-authored with J. Staszewski. It is a unique compendium which comprises a rich systematically classified volume of phenomena and processes which take place on Earth (1139 tables with approximately 150 000 figures). Mathematical "roots" are also presented in several new methods of graphic presentation, which he suggested, such as hypsographoid, tablegram, statistical anaglyph, cartographic method of concentration and cartotypogram. The last two of them were especially well received. Professor had wide knowledge not only of cartography and geography, but also of statistics, economy and history. He had an extensive library and one of the biggest private cartography collection in Poland. His cheerfulness and friendly attitude won him popular sympathy. In the Chair of Cartography which he headed he managed to create an exceptional, almost family atmosphere.

Sztuka i nauka w kartografii - dualizm czy jedność?

Mościbroda J.

Polski Przegląd Kartograficzny

2001

T. 33, nr 2

99--105

Autor omawia poglądy na temat wzajemnych relacji nauki i sztuki w kartografii. Rozważane są trzy podejścia, które w skrócie nazwać można polaryzacją, koegzystencją i jednością.

The paper contains a description of notions on the relations of art and science within the discipline of cartography, as reflected in cartographic literature. The following three concepts are considered: - the nature of art is antagonistic to the role of science, and art is eliminated from cartography by science - cartography is the discipline within which art and science co-exist, however the meaning and functions of each of these elements are different -both art and science form the unity within cartography, which is characterized by the unity of functions and purposes. Some cartographers strongly oppose against the inclusion of art into cartography, because subjectivism abd intuitiveness of art are in direct opposion to cartography, whose aim is to supply true information. Also, the progress in cartography inderstood as a branch of science lies in the continuous raising of standards as well as the search for optimum rules of map preparation. Such tendencies are not generally found in art and can even be considered to be in opposition with its nature. This concept leads to the conclusion that art has a marginal role in cartography and is being eliminated from this discipline by the science and technology. The concept, according to which cartography should science co-exist seems to have most followers, which is often reflected in cartographic literature. However, it is often stressed that the co-existence of art and science is not based on equal rights. The role of art in maps is considered to be subordinate to their primary aim: efficient source of information. Therefore, many authors who esteem art valuable, consider its presence in cartography as some sort of an added value or a way to enhance the esthetic value of maps (A. H. Robinson 1982, J.S. Keates 1984). They all consider the presence of art in cartography to be valuable, however they also note that for esthetics is the aim in art, but a tool in cartography. Eventually, some cartographers are of the opinion that both art and science form the unity within the discipline of catrography, whose common aim is to supply true information. E. Imhof (1977) can be considered as the most prominent ambassador of this concept. Both his publications and his professional activities prove that art supplements science in cartography and often allows us to reveal the trith, if the pure science fails. I consider this concept to be largely true - without the unity of art and science the full success in cartography would not have been possible.