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Study on safe disposal of cephalosporins based on kinetic pyrolysis mechanism

Fan Jiangxue, Zhang Meng, Hou Xiaofei, Wang Fang, Bai Mengyuan, Jiao Ruoxi, Yang Zhongyu, Duan Erhong, Cheng Fengfei, Zhou Wen

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

2023

Vol. 25, nr 4

52--60

Based on the global goals for cleaner production and sustainable development, the pyrolysis behavior of cephalosporin residues was studied by TG-MS method. The influence of full temperature window on the safe disposal of residues was analyzed based on the “3-2-2” and “1+1” of thermal analysis kinetics, and the gas by-products of thermal degradation were monitored. Results showed that the pyrolysis of distillation residues were divided into low and high-temperature zones, including six stages. Maximum error rate (8.55%) by multiple scan rate was presented based on “3-2-2” pattern and maximum total fluctuation (33.7) by single scan rate was presented based on “1+1” pattern, which implied that the comprehensive multi-level comparison method was very reliable. The E value “E” of six stages showed an increasing trend ranging 166.8 to 872.8 kJ/mol. LgA(mean) was 27.28. Most mechanism function of stage 1, 2 were Z-L-T equation (3D), stage 3, 4, 6 were Avrami-Erofeev equation (AE3, AE4, AE2/3) and stage 5 was Reaction Order (O2). In addition, various small molecular micromolecule substances were detected such as C2H4O, C2H6, NH3, CH4, CO2 under full temperature windows and a possible pyrolysis path of residues was provided.

Design wave calculation of a passenger catamaran under multiple load control parameters

Ge Shenwei, Ji Zeng, Jin Bowen, Zhou Wen, Qin Xiaolong

Polish Maritime Research

2022

nr 2

3--11

To determine the loading conditions considering the action of both bending and torque moment for a passenger catamaran moving among waves, a method for calculating equivalent design waves under multiple load control parameters was derived based on wave load prediction results using three-dimensional potential flow theory. The method was developed by defining the wave amplitude discrepancy factors between the primary and second load of the combined bending and torquing equivalent design wave. The primary goal was to find a reasonable design wave. Finally, the design waves of a target passenger catamaran ship were calculated using the proposed method, and each load component of every design wave for the target hull was recalculated. The average error compared with the object load component was less than 1%, which verifies the effectiveness of the method and offers an effective engineering evaluation method for a catamaran.