Preferencje help
Widoczny [Schowaj] Abstrakt
Liczba wyników
Powiadomienia systemowe
  • Sesja wygasła!
  • Sesja wygasła!

Znaleziono wyników: 9

Liczba wyników na stronie
first rewind previous Strona / 1 next fast forward last
Wyniki wyszukiwania
help Sortuj według:

help Ogranicz wyniki do:
first rewind previous Strona / 1 next fast forward last
5
Content available remote Regional differences in dynamics of bank vole populations in Europe
EN
Fluctuation patterns of bank vole populations were reviewed for central and north-western Europe. Many fairly stable populations occur in central and western Europe while clearly cyclic populations, with an interval of 3-4 year between peaks, are typical for northern Fennoscandia. There is a transition zone around 60 stopni N. In forests in central Europe dominated by oak, and less so by beech and lime, bank vole populations demonstrate outbreak dynamics with peaks at 6-9 year intervals, related to mast seeding. Both cyclic and outbreak populations show pronounced annual variations in reproduction and survival. Community conditions are described for these types of populations and annual variations in food supply are denoted. Isolated (island) populations are characterised by generally high densities and high adult survival. Factors that have been suggested to explain the various dynamics differ: predation and food for cyclic performance, food alone for outbreaks and social factors within circumscribed populations.
6
Content available remote Predation and the dynamics of the bank vole, Clethrionomys glareolus
EN
Theoretical analyses and data suggest that the interaction between bank voles and their predators generates a locally stable equilibrium, regardless to the composition of the predator guild. The suggested primary proximate source for stability is female territoriality. Predation_per se_appears to be destabilizing. Whether or not predation regulates bank voles appears thus to be a semantic issue, depending on the operational definition of the concept of regulation. Confusion has arisen as different operational definitions have been tacitly used by different authors. The predicted intrinsic stability of bank vole-predator systems is most clearly displayed in the southern part of the boreal zone. Currently, even the dynamics of bank voles of taiga landscapes in Finnish ?apland are close to the predicted multiannual stability. In those boreal areas, where grassy and productive Microtus habitats are relatively abundant, sustained, multiannual cycles appear to be generated by the interaction between small mustelids and Microtus spp. When desities of Microtus decline, fidelity to Microtus habitats becomes suboptimal for predators. Consequently, cyclicity seems to be externally imposed on bank voles, due to changing habitat preferences of predators during the course of the mustelid-Microtus cycle. In the temperate zone, masting (seed crops of deciduous trees) increases the reproductive rate of bank voles and ameliorates female territoriality, initiating a transient increase in the numbers of bank voles and their predators. Beforethe system reaches its new equilibrium, the mast is over. Due to the combined effect of high predator numbers and normal reproductive performance, bank vole numbers then decline to the low level typicalfor post-mast years. Depending on the frequency of masting, the post-past low can be followed by a stable phase or immediately by a new mast-triggered outbreak. Although fundamentally different mechanisms appear to account for multiannual density fluctuations in temperate and boreal bank vole populations, both phenomena can be interpreted as consequences of extremal perturbations upon intrinsically stable predator-prey systems.
PL
W ramach realizacji projektu rozpoznano wpływ czynników strukturalno-wykończeniowych czternastu grup asortymentowych tkanin produkcji PZPB "Pamotex" S.A. na ich właściwości ochronne przed promieniowaniem UV. Opracowano niezbędne zmiany gwarantujące uzyskiwanie współczynnika barierowości (UPF) powyżej 25, co zapewnia uzyskiwanie założonych właściwości ochronnych. Tkaniny o tej wartości współczynnika będą mogły być oznaczone specjalnym znakiem fabrycznym, o który wystąpiły Zakłady do Urzędu Patentowego.
EN
Within r&d project works the influence of structural and finishing factors of 14 assortment groups of woven fabrics (produced by Cotton Factory PAMOTEX S.A.) onto their UV protecting properties have been examined. Recommendations concerning the increase of Ultraviolet Protection Factor (UPF) above 25 ensures the procurement of reąuired protective properties. Such woven fabrics having UPF 25+ could be marked with special label (trademark procedure at Polish Patent Office).
first rewind previous Strona / 1 next fast forward last
JavaScript jest wyłączony w Twojej przeglądarce internetowej. Włącz go, a następnie odśwież stronę, aby móc w pełni z niej korzystać.