Drug discovery and development is associated with enormous costs, time consumption and high risk of failure. To increase the productivity, pharmaceutical companies are constantly looking for new strategies to deliver a new drug faster, with relatively lower costs. Recently, the drug repositioning has been recognized as a fruitful approach, which enables to diminish the cost and time associated with bringing a drug to the market. This review discusses the repositioning strategy, their advantages and disadvantages, along with several successful examples of drugs that have been approved for a different purpose than at the beginning of the application. The report will focus on examples of drugs that act on the central nervous system such as duloxetine, thioridazine, thalidomide and methylene blue. In addition, the article briefly describes the selective optimization of side activities of drug molecules (the SOSA approach), another highly efficient strategy, which enables to generate new biologically active compounds.
This overview will discuss the smart polymers as drug nanocarries, their construction and shapes showing their using for controlled insulin release. The report will focus on diabetes mellitus as a disease unit, its etiology and treatment by injection and by using smart polymers. The ingredients described in this article are: poly- (methacrylic acid-g-ethylene glycol), hyaluronic acid, G-CSF-transferrin conjugate in cultured enterocyte-like Caco-2 monolayers, poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyhexanoate) and chitosan. Such “intelligent” polymers and their use in a controlled insulin release in diabetic therapy are immensely promising.
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