Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

The Effect of Loss of the Most Fertile Agricultural Land on the Reduced Productivity of Strategic Commodities – Case Study

Szturc Jan, Podhrázská Jana, Kučera Josef

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2022

|

Vol. 23, nr 2

53--60

EN

This report presents an analysis of productivity trends in a suburban beet-producing region impacted by the loss of agricultural land by land claims. The analysis was conducted in the model cadastral locality of Dolní Heršpice. In order to calculate the potential production of agricultural crops, the authors selected one sowing structure that has been applied starting from 1950 until present. The choice of particular crop succession was based on the exemplary sowing structure for beet-producing regions provided by the Central Institute for Supervising and Testing in Agriculture. The calculation of the potential production of agricultural crops was divided into three time intervals, 1950-1990, 1990-2006, and 2006-2019. In the period from 1950 to 2019, the studied locality underwent a loss of arable land of 145.19 ha. The yield in a particular time interval was derived from the selected sowing procedure and subsequently recalculated to the surface area of the lost arable land. The results show that in the time interval 1950-1990, the produced agricultural crops could have reached a total of 26,975.28 tons. In the period 1990-2006, the yield of crops could be 5,598.85 tons, and in the period 2006-2019, a total of 8,423.6 tons of agricultural crops could have been achieved in the studied locality. The total yield for the entire monitored period could represent 40,997.50 tons of agricultural crops. The productivity by hectare oriented cultivation in all the monitored time intervals to prevailing sugar beet and potatoes. The analysis was compared with the statistical data on the development of sowing areas, production and yields of the monitored crops in the Czech Republic. The presented study documents the trend of arable land loss and potential threat of insufficient production, particularly in the case of strategic commodities such as sugar beet in beet-producing regions.

2

The Effect of Land Management on the Retention Capacity of Agricultural Land in the Conditions of Climate Change – Case Study

Podhrázská Jana, Kučera Josef, Karásek Petr, Szturc Jan, Konečná Jana

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2021

|

Vol. 22, nr 1

258--266

EN

The water retention capacity of a territory is mainly defined by the land conditions, type of soil cover and manner of land management. The manifestations of the climate change reflect the need for better water capture from precipitation in agricultural catchment areas. The effect of the soil cover on the water retention capacity was studied in two localities with different soil types (chernozem and cambisol). The results have shown significant effects of permanent grass covers on increasing the water retention capacity. The mean retention capacity measured at permanent grass covers was 1.7-fold higher than at arable land. The soil type did not play a significant role. To some extent, the retention capacity is also influenced by the used agro-technology. After stubble-tillage, the water from precipitation was better infiltrated by arable land than by permanent grass cover. However, during a major part of the vegetation period, arable land is at the rest, and the short-term increase of its retention capacity has no impact on the overall outcome.

3

The Impact of Updated Soil Properties on the Development of Land Price in Selected Cadastral Area Near the Strongly Urbanized Areas

Szturc Jan, Hybler Vítězslav

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2019

|

Vol. 20, nr 7

161--168

EN

This paper deals with the development of soil characteristics and its impact on the land price determination in the model territory at the South Moravia region. The available data and map resources were used (price decrees, landuse maps) to evaluate the results. Data processing was performed using the ArcGIS software tools, which created the necessary map and statistical outputs. Within the selected time segments, the quantity and quality of agricultural land is reduced in individual periods up to the present. In most cases, agricultural land is urbanized in favor of city development. For the comparison of the future development, the potential future occupation of agricultural land, which is designed according to the current territorial plan of the municipality, was assessed as well. The article also evaluates the development of the land prices according to valid decrees (historical and current). Furthermore, on the basis of a comparison of the original and updated ESEU, the difference in the price of land in the area under consideration was evaluated. The results show that over the last 180 years, the land had a total value of over 20.6 million CZK within the ESEU (in today’s prices), and according to the land-use plan, there would be another occupation in the total value of about 10 millions CZK. The results also show that the prices of the ESEU are currently 36% higher, on average, than in 2002. If this trend is maintained, a large loss of agricultural land can be expected in the future, coupled with possible problems of sustainable agriculture and, potentially, shortages of food resources.

4

Causes of Water Erosion and Benefits of Antierosion Measures in Model Locality Starovice – Hustopeče (South Moravia Region, Czech Republic)

Karásek Petr, Kučera Josef, Szturc Jan, Podhrázská Jana, Konečná Jana

Journal of Ecological Engineering

|

2019

|

Vol. 20, nr 2

95--105

EN

The agricultural land found in the Czech Republic is strongly degraded by water erosion. The main reasons for this situation are the changes in the landscape caused by large-area agricultural production in the second half of the 20th century. In the model locality Starovice – Hustopeče (223.5 ha) (South Moravia Region), we analysed the changes in the landscape structure and land use for the period 1825-2018. In 1825, the mean size of a land block was 0.4 ha. In 1968, the studied locality consisted of just one land block of a size of 223.5 ha. This period marks the beginning of massive water erosion. In 2003, the locality was proposed for land consolidation. Its goal was to reduce erosion and the risk of floods. To date, a number of protective measures have been applied in the locality. The risk of water erosion was assessed for the landscape state in 1968 and 2018 in GIS using the USLE method. The effect of the adopted measures was strongly manifested in the reduction of the erosion risk (by 44%). The transport of sediment out of the locality was assessed for 1968 and 2018 by means of the WaTEM-SEDEM model. The protective measures resulted in a decrease of sediment transport out of the locality by 111 t/year (40% reduction). The economic balance of the soil loss showed a positive impact of the applied protective measures. On the basis of the mean price of arable land in the Czech Republic and the costs of the soil relocation within the locality, the application of protective measures brought an economy of at least € 5,000 per year. This sum does not include the losses caused by a potential decrease of agricultural crop yields due to the soil degradation, reduction of ecosystem services, and other factors in the past years. The actual benefits of applying the protective measures aimed at reducing erosion and increasing water retention in the landscape are significantly higher.