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1

Geopark Bakony : Balaton na Węgrzech

Migoń P., Pijet-Migoń E.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2018

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Vol. 66, nr 5

276--283

EN

Two UNESCO Global Geoparks were established in Hungary. This paper presents the Bakony - Balaton Geopark, located in the western part of the country, predominantly within the Transdanubian Range. It includes uplands and low-elevation mountains of North Bakony, South Bakony, Balaton Uplands and Keszthely Mountains, with basins situated in between, as well as Lake Balaton itself. Geologically, the dominant part of the territory is underlain by Mesozoic sedimentary rocks, mainly limestones and dolomites. Other significant rock formations are Eocene limestones, Mio-Pliocene sediments of the Pannonian Sea and end-Neogene basalts. Karst phenomena, residual volcanic hills, fossil sinter cones and river gorges are the most characteristic geomorphological features of the Geopark. Forty-five geosites have been recognized in the Geopark, although access facilities and interpretative content the Geopark is also rich in cultural heritage and its southern part counts as the major tourist

2

Geopark Arouca w Portugalii

Pijet-Migoń E., Migoń P.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2017

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Vol. 65, nr 2

89--94

EN

Arouca Geopark is located in northern Portugal, approximately 50 km to the southeast from the city of Porto. It was established in 2006 and covers 330 km2 of the municipality of Arouca. Geologically it includes Early Palaeozoic weakly metamorphosed slates and quartzites, intruded by several granite massifs of Carboniferous age. Geological highlights of the area are findings ofgiant Ordovician trilobites, now on display in a special museum and rare textural varieties of granites. Arouca Geopark offers interesting geomorphology too, such as high-elevated planation surfaces in granites, tors and boulder fields, waterfalls and river gorges. Mining heritage is also present, focused on tungsten. Earth heritage is made accessible primarily through a network of 41 designated geosites and further promoted by a range of educational activities addressed to schools of all levels and initiatives aimed at engagement of local communities.

3

Tectonic geomorphology of the Sudetes (Central Europe) – a review and re-appraisal

Różycka M., Migoń P.

Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae

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2017

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Vol. 87, No. 4

275--300

EN

The Sudetes are a mountain range in Central Europe, which owes its emergence to the Cenozoic rejuvenation of an old Variscan orogen, subject to stresses from the Alps and the Carpathians. The gross morphological features of the Sudetes are typically explained as reflecting the superposition of the effects of long-term, rock-controlled denudation and Late Cenozoic differential uplift and subsidence. In this paper, early conceptual models, developed in the 1950s and 1960s and emphasizing alternating uplift and planation phases, are presented first. A review of more recent work focused on tectonic landforms and geomorphic indicators of tectonic movements follows, with special attention to fault-generated escarpments, valley morphology, stream longitudinal profiles, terraces and fans, drainage basin characteristics and regional geomorphometric studies. Attempts to provide a timeframe of tectonic relief differentiation are also summarized. In the closing part of the paper, the existing approaches and findings are re-evaluated in order to identify challenges and perspectives for future work. The availability of high-resolution digital terrain models creates a unique opportunity to quantify relief features and detect even the subtle topographic signatures of recent tectonics. A need to reconcile the results of geomorphological analysis with those emerging from other studies focused on faults is highlighted.

4

Geopark Papuk w Chorwacji

Migoń P., Pijet-Migoń E.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2016

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Vol. 64, nr 8

539--544

EN

Papuk Geopark is located in eastern Croatia,in the Slavonia region,and was established in 2007 in a mountain range of the same name. It covers 524 km2 of geologically diverse terrain, with geological formations ranging in age from Precambrian to Quaternary and representing metamorphic, igneous and sedimentary rocks.The geopark,which is the old est geological nature reserve in Croatia, host an outcrop of columnar jointing in rhyolite at Rupnica. In terms of geomorphology, Papuk is a fluvially dissected young horst, with widespread karst phenomena on Triassic limestones. Cultural heritage includes ruins of medieval fortresses, ancient abbeys, and country-famous wine culture around the town of Kutjevo. The educational offer consists of 69 designated geosites, several educational trails, open-air rock exhibitions, and guided walks and classes for schools.

5

Rzeźba granitowego skalnego miasta Starościńskich Skał w Rudawach Janowickich (Sudety Zachodnie)

Michniewicz A., Jancewicz K., Różycka M., Migoń P.

Landform Analysis

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2016

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Vol. 31

17--33

PL

Praca zawiera opis grupy Starościńskich Skał w północnej części Rudaw Janowickich, która stanowi jedyny w polskich Sudetach przykład granitowego „skalnego miasta”. Starościńskie Skały to złożona forma ostańcowa, składająca się z szeregu skałek usytuowanych na granitowym cokole o cechach wzgórza wyspowego. Wyniki kartowania terenowego zostały przedstawione na szczegółowej mapie geomorfologicznej, zawierającej 30 wydzieleń. Głównym czynnikiem odpowiedzialnym za rzeźbę skałek jest zróżnicowany system spękań (koncentryczny i prostokątny), do którego nawiązuje dwudzielność kompleksu skalnego. Cechą charakterystyczną tej grupy skalnej jest występowanie bogatej mikrorzeźby, która świadczy o jej stabilności i długim rozwoju powierzchniowym. Niektóre elementy mikrorzeźby – nisze kloszowe – dowodzą jednak tego, że w pierwszym etapie rozwoju skałki były kształtowane podpowierzchniowo, przy istotnym udziale wietrzenia chemicznego.

EN

The paper presents a description of the Starościńskie Skały tor group located in the northern part of the Rudawy Janowickie which is the only example of a granite rock city in the Polish Sudetes. Starościńskie Skały is a specific complex landform composed of various tors situated on a dome-like pedestal. The results of detailed field landform mapping are presented on geomorphological map, which contains 30 elements. The major factor influencing morphology of the Starościńskie Skały is a complex system of joints (sheeting and orthogonal joints) which control the shape of the residual and are responsible for morphological duality of the rock city. A characteristic feature of this tor group is the presence of varied microrelief, which indicates surface stability and protracted development at the surface. However, certain components of microrelief – flared slopes – are an evidence of subsurface chemical weathering of Starościńskie Skały tor group in the first stage of their development.

6

The Rogowiec Landslide Complex (Central Sudetes, SW Poland) : a case of a collapsed mountain

Kasprzak M., Duszyński F., Jancewicz K., Michniewicz A., Różycka M., Migoń P.

Geological Quarterly

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2016

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Vol. 60, No. 3

695--713

EN

The paper focuses on a large relict landslide complex in the northeastern part of the Kamienne Mts. (Sudetes, SW Poland) developed on Carboniferous and Permian volcanic and clastic sedimentary rocks. Whilst the presence of mass movements around Mt. Rogowiec has long been known, no attempts have yet been made to offer a comprehensive analysis. This study is based on recognition of geomorphic features from LiDAR-derived DTM, geomorphometric analysis, field geomorphological mapping, joint measurements at representative exposures, and electrical resistivity tomography. The total area affected by gravitational slope deformation exceeds 40 ha and consists of a few smaller units that show distinctive patterns of displacement. The eastern slopes of the Mt. Rogowiec ridge have been reshaped by large slides involving rigid blocks of trachyandesite in the upper part and deformed sedimentary successions in the middle and lower part. The central part of the area has experienced lateral spreading which resulted in complete disintegration of the volcanic cap. Fresh-looking ridge-top trenches indicate that this process is ongoing. Subsequent movements included flows into pre-existing valleys and rock wall collapses to produce spectacular block streams. The scale and variety of deformation structures at Mt. Rogowiec make this locality unique in the Sudetes.

7

Activity of Slow-Moving Landslides Recorded in Eccentric Tree Rings of Norway Spruce Trees (Picea Abies Karst.) — An Example from the Kamienne MTS. (Sudetes MTS., Central Europe)

Malik I., Wistuba M., Migoń P., Fajer M.

Geochronometria

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2016

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Vol. 43, no. 1

24--37

EN

We found ubiquitous evidence of ongoing slope instability by analysing the variability of tree-ring eccentricity index in trees growing on three apparently relict landslide slopes in the Sudetes (Poland, Central Europe). Slow movement of these landslide bodies occurs in the present-day conditions and is recorded almost every year, although with variable intensity. Correlation of dendrochronological record with the rainfall record from a nearby station in Mieroszów for the 1977–2007 period is very poor for two deep-seated rotational slides at Mt Suchawa and Mt Turzyna but considerably better for a shallow flowslide at Mt Garbatka. While this may reflect higher permeability of heavily jointed rocks involved in deep-seated sliding this could be linked with imperfections in the rainfall record. Dendrochronology proved capable of detecting minor displacements within landslides which otherwise show no geomorphic evidence of recent activity. Therefore, claims for the entirely relict nature of the landslides are not substantiated.

8

Geologiczne pomniki przyrody Karkonoszy i obszarów przyległych : w 100-lecie dzieła Georga Güricha

Migoń P.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2015

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Vol. 63, nr 4

214–-218

EN

Geological monuments of the Karkonosze by Georg Gürich was published in 1914 and is essentially a catalogue of sites of special geoscientific interest in the West Sudetes, including the Karkonosze range and the adjacent areas. As many as 115 separate localities are described, among them 79 in the Karkonosze proper. The inventory includes outcrops of characteristic rock types, contact phenomena, tors and crags, weathering features, sites with typical fracture patterns, waterfalls, potholes, glacial landforms, blockfields and others. Although numerical evaluation of significance of individual sites was not attempted, elements of verbal assessment and comparative analysis are present. Despite the passage of time, the book of Gürich remains a valuable reference work and has proved very useful during preparation of documentation for the national geopark in the Karkonosze.

9

Start-up of SSTC semiconductor tesla coil - an example of an educational project

Migoń P., Noga H.

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2015

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R. 91, nr 12

167-169

EN

The use of semiconductor elements open up new opportunities associated with construction of semiconductor tesla coils. In the semiconductor Tesla coil, the resonant circuit function and the spark gap functions is taken over by an electronic system. The most common way to power up the Tesla’s transformer primary winding is the inverter bridge or half-bridge comprises a pair of MOSFET transistors.

PL

Zastosowanie półprzewodnikowych elementów otwiera nowe możliwości związane z konstrukcją i sposobem działania cewki Tesli. W półprzewodnikowej cewce Tesli funkcję obwodu rezonansowego oraz iskiernik przejmuje układ elektroniczny. Najczęściej spotykanym sposobem zasilenia uzwojenie pierwotne transformatora Tesli jest falownik zwany dalej mostkiem lub pół-mostkiem złożonym z pary tranzystorów MOSFET.

10

Granite tors of Waldviertel (Lower Austria) as sites of geotourist interest

Michniewicz A., Różycka M., Migoń P.

Geotourism / Geoturystyka

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2015

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nr 1-2

19--36

EN

Granites of the South Bohemian Pluton are among the main rocks in the region of Waldviertel in the northern part of Lower Austria. The overall topography is gently rolling, with higher elevations and medium-altitude mountainous relief present only in the south-western part. Tors are the most characteristic residual landforms and occupy different settings, from mountain tops to valley floors. They vary in shapes and dimensions, with castle koppies and boulder clusters being most common. Many tors host well-developed microforms such as weathering pits, karren, runnels, and flared slopes. Balanced rocks are among the highlights of the region. Because of good access residual granite landforms of Waldviertel are well suited to be developed as geosites and geotourist destinations, but there is clearly a deficit of explanation and interpretation. In this paper 15 representative tors are presented, tourist infrastructure is summarized, and a thematic one-day drive is proposed.

PL

Granity plutonu południowoczeskiego należą do głównych skał występujących w regionie Waldviertel w północnej części kraju związkowego Dolna Austria. Region ten odznacza się lekko falistą rzeźbą, z większymi wysokościami i górzystym ukształtowaniem jedynie w części południowo-zachodniej. Skałki stanowią najbardziej charakterystyczny element rzeźby denudacyjnej, zajmując różną pozycję morfologiczną, od szczytów wzniesień po dna dolinne. Są zróżnicowane pod względem kształtu i wymiarów, z dominacją zamczysk skalnych i zgrupowań bloków (skałek rumowiskowych). Morfologię wielu z nich urozmaicają mikroformy, takie jak kociołki wietrzeniowe, żłobki, rynny i nisze kloszowe. Szczególnie interesującym elementem rzeźby regionu są chybotki. Dobra dostępność sprawia, że rezydualne formy granitowe regionu są odpowiednie do zagospodarowania jako geostanowiska i atrakcje geoturystyczne, choć uwagę zwraca brak szerszego zaplecza edukacyjnego i interpretacyjnego. W artykule przedstawiono 15 reprezentatywnych skałek granitowych, podsumowano zagospodarowanie turystyczne obszaru oraz zaproponowano przebieg jednodniowej tematycznej trasy samochodowej.

11

Geothermal fields of New Zealand in tourism industry - the case of complementary assets and competitive products

Pijet-Migoń E., Migoń P.

Geotourism / Geoturystyka

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2015

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nr 3-4

3--24

EN

Geothermal phenomena in the North Island of New Zealand have been a basis of tourism industry since the mid- 19th century. Their highlights include geysers, hot springs, mud pools, steam vents, craters, and various silica deposition features. Five geothermal sites, Te Puia Whakarewarewa, Waimangu, Wai-O-Tapu, Orakei Korako, and Craters of the Moon, are subjects of this study which is focused on interrelated issues of diversity, accessibility, and interpretation. The sites are sufficiently different in terms of natural phenomena to be perceived as complementary, offering jointly a comprehensive picture of geothermal phenomena. However, cooperation between their properties hardly exists. In promotion, unusual scenic values and record features are emphasized, whereas more in-depth interpretation is limited. There are opportunities to enhance educational components of each site, so that they can offer experience and learning rather than experience only and become fully developed geotourist destinations.

PL

Zjawiska geotermalne na Wyspie Północnej w Nowej Zelandii były podstawą rozwoju turystyki na tym obszarze już od połowy XIX w. Szczególnym zainteresowaniem cieszyły się gejzery, gorące źródła, sadzawki błotne, fumarole i różnego rodzaju formy depozycyjne krzemionki. Do analizy form udostępniania dla zwiedzających oraz zagospodarowania pod kątem edukacyjnym wybrano pięć popularnych miejsc geotermalnych: Te Puia Whakarewarewa, Waimangu, Wai-O-Tapu, Orakei Korako i Craters of the Moon. Miejsca te są znacząco zróżnicowane pod względem przyrodniczym i w sposób komplementarny przedstawiają pełen obraz zjawisk geotermalnych, jednak pomiędzy tymi obiektami, zarządzanymi przez różne przedsiębiorstwa, praktyczne nie ma współpracy. W promocji podkreślane są głównie walory estetyczne tych miejsc, natomiast brakuje pogłębionej interpretacji prezentowanych zjawisk. Aby opisywane miejsca mogły oprócz przeżyć natury estetycznej dostarczać walorów edukacyjnych, a więc w pełni spełniać kryteria atrakcji geoturystycznych, niezbędne jest rozszerzenie oferty umożliwiającej interpretację zjawisk geotermalnych.

12

Zasięg obszarów objętych osuwiskami w Górach Kamiennych (Sudety Środkowe) : porównanie map geologicznych i cyfrowego modelu wysokości z danych LiDAR

Migoń P., Jancewicz K., Kasprzak M.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2014

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Vol. 62, nr 9

463--471

EN

The east-central part of the Kamienne Mountains in the Sudetes has long been known as an area where landslides occur in abundance. Their extent was shown on first detailed geological maps from the early 20th century and later on Polish geological maps published in the 1970 and 1990. The total landslide area mapped was about 100 ha. The availability of LiDAR data allowed to build digital elevation models of very high resolution and to attempt landslide mapping using diagnostic landform assemblages as guidelines. 30 separate landslides have been mapped, including complex landslide areas involving overlapping landslide bodies oflikely different origin. The total landslide area is at least300 ha, while the largest complexes cover 40-50 ha. LiDAR-based models proved extremely useful in landslide mapping, espe- cially in forested areas.

13

Litologiczno-strukturalne uwarunkowania rzeźby Sudetów

Migoń P., Placek A.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2014

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Vol. 62, nr 1

36–-43

EN

The geomorphological landscape of the Sudetes consists of elements of diverse origin. While the gross features of relief are best attributed to up- and downfaulting in the late Cenozoic, landform diversity at a smaller scale results mainly from selective long-term denudation controlled by rock properties. The occurrence of rock- and structure-controlled landforms has long been noted in the Sudetes, but their identification remained at a rather descriptive level. Recent work involving an analysis of digital elevation models, combined with field-based determination of rock strength using Schmidt hammer helped to refine some previous concepts and to identify further relationships between rocks and relief at a medium scale. Many residual convex landforms (hills, ridges) are associated with rocks of markedly higher strength than in the surroundings. Differences in elevations which may be attributed to rock factor, attain 400–500 m, which is a figure comparable with minor fault-bounded horsts. Extensive tracts of low relief are partly rock-controlled too, as they are best developed where adjacent rock complexes show similar strength, whether high or low. By contrast, the presence of escarpments cutting across rock masses of comparable strength on both sides appears to point to faulting as the topography-controlling factor.

14

HydroProg: a system for hydraulic forecasting in real time, based on the multimodelling approach

Niedzielski T., Miziński B., Kryza M., Netzel P., Wieczorek M., Kasprzak M., Migoń P., Szymanowski M., Jeziorska J., Witek M., Kosek W

Meteorology Hydrology and Water Management. Research and Operational Applications

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2014

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Vol. 2, Iss. 2

65--72

EN

Aleja Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Kraków, Poland Abstract: The objective of this paper is to present the concept of a novel system, known as HydroProg, that aims to issue flood warnings in real time on the basis of numerous hydrological predictions computed using various models. The core infrastructure of the system is hosted by the University of Wrocław, Poland. A newly-established computational centre provides in real time, courtesy of the project Partners, various modelling groups, referred to as “project Participants”, with hydrometeorological data. The project Participants, having downloaded the most recent observations, are requested to run their hydrologic models on their machines and to provide the HydroProg system with the most up-to-date prediction of riverflow. The system gathers individual forecasts derived by the Participants and processes them in order to compute the ensemble prediction based on multiple models, following the approach known as multimodelling. The system is implemented in R and, in order to attain the above-mentioned functionality, is equipped with numerous scripts that manipulate PostgreSQL- and MySQL-managed databases and control the data quality as well as the data processing flow. As a result, the Participants are provided with multivariate hydrometeorological time series with sparse outliers and without missing values, and they may use these data to run their models. The first strategic project Partner is the County Office in Kłodzko, Poland, owner of the Local System for Flood Monitoring in Kłodzko County. The experimental implementation of the HydroProg system in the Nysa Kłodzka river basin has been completed, and six hydrologic models are run by scientists or research groups from the University of Wrocław, Poland, who act as Participants. Herein, we shows a single prediction exercise which serves as an example of the HydroProg performance.

15

Formy osuwiskowe w Górach Kamiennych (Sudety Środkowe) : kryteria identyfikacji i oceny zagrożeń

Migoń P., Kacprzak A., Malik I., Kasprzak M.

Landform Analysis

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2014

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Vol. 26

39--60

PL

W Górach Kamiennych (Sudety Środkowe) powszechnie występują formy rzeźby związane z osuwiskami, które powstały w okresie przedhistorycznym. Zostały one rozpoznane na podstawie terenowego kartowania geomorfologicznego, wspomaganego interpretacją cyfrowego modelu wysokości zbudowanego z wysokorozdzielczych danych LiDAR, i dokumentują różne rodzaje przemieszczeń: translacyjne, rotacyjne, spływanie materiału, rozciąganie, a lokalnie również obrywy. Badania stopnia rozwoju gleb wskazują, że obok osuwisk starych, stabilnych w holocenie występują formy młode, które powstały lub były reaktywowane w holocenie. Na holoceńską aktywność wskazują także nieliczne daty radiowęglowe. Deformacje przyrostów rocznych drzew porastających osuwiska stwierdzone w trakcie badań dendrochronologicznych pozwalają wnioskować o utrzymującej się niestabilności niektórych form i powolnym ruchu. Ogólnie zagrożenia związane z osuwiskami w Górach Kamiennych w obecnych warunkach środowiskowych i przy obecnym stanie zagospodarowania można uznać za niewielkie, nieznana jest jednak możliwa reakcja osuwisk na postępujące zmiany klimatu i ewentualne zmiany użytkowania ziemi. Artykuł ma głównie charakter przeglądowy i zawiera podsumowanie wcześniej prowadzonych badań i ich opublikowanych rezultatów.

EN

In the Kamienne Mountains (Middle Sudetes) landforms resulting from prehistoric landslides are common. They have been recognized through detailed field geomorphological mapping, aided by interpretation of high-resolution digital elevation models built from LiDAR data, and provide evidence of different types of movement, including translational and rotational slides, flowslides, lateral spreading, and rock fall. Soil research focused on soil development shows that ancient, stable landslide terrains coexist with much younger landslides, initiated or reactivated in the Holocene. Holocene activity is also suggested by sparse radiocarbon dates. Tree ring deformations revealed by dendrochronological research allow to infer persistent instability of certain landslides and their ongoing slow movement. Generally, hazards associated with landslides in the Kamienne Mts, given the current environmental conditions and land use, may be considered as low, but a possible reaction of landslide systems to climate change and any major land use changes is unknown. The paper is largely of review type and summarizes results obtained and published before.

16

How high - resolution DEM based on airborne LiDAR helped to reinterpret landforms : examples from the Sudetes, SW Poland

Migoń P., Kasprzak M., Traczyk A.

Landform Analysis

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2013

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Vol. 22

89--101

EN

The paper reviews recent advances in landform mapping and interpretation in the mountainous terrain of the Sudetes (SW Poland), possible due to the availability of high-resolution airborne LiDAR data. They are particularly useful in the recognition of minor landforms and their spatial patterns in the montane forest belt and in the dwarf pine zone in the most elevated parts of the Sudetes. The use of LiDAR data has allowed to both re-evaluate landforms known before, especially their extent and cross-relationships, as well as to discover surface features that have escaped attention before. The examples discussed include glacial and periglacial landforms in the Karkonosze, morphological signatures of mass movements in the Stołowe Mountains, fluvial features and morphotectonic analysis in the Izerskie Mountains. Although LiDAR immensely increases the scope for landform recognition and mapping, image interpretation should be verified in the field. Despite theoretical capability of LiDAR-derived models to show even landforms 1–2 m in length, 4–6 m seems the more realistic threshold size unless surface features are distinctly linear and continue over long distances.

17

Geomorphosites of Poland : the role played by the Central Register of Geosites

Warowna J., Migoń P., Kołodyńska-Gawrysiak R., Kiebała G., Zgłobicki W.

Landform Analysis

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2013

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Vol. 22

117--124

EN

Poland is a country of considerable geomorphological diversity and includes a range of physical landscapes, from high mountains through uplands, plains, glaciated lowlands, large river valleys, to coasts. Within them, numerous localities may be considered as geomorphosites, illustrating key stages in the geomorphic evolution of the territory, classic landforms and the recent operation of geomorphic processes. The only database that aims to cover all geosites in Poland, including sites of geomorphological interest, is the Polish Central Register of Geosites (PCRG), managed by the state geological survey – the Polish Geological Institute (PIG). Among more than 2200 geosites recorded about 30% can be considered as geomorphosites. Their spatial coverage is very uneven. Most are located in the upland belt of southern Poland (40%) and in northern part of the country, within the extent of the late Pleistocene ice sheet (29%), while the Carpathians are under-represented. Thematically, geosites illustrating various examples of denudational relief dominate (45%). Significantly less common are glacifluvial (13%), glacial (11%) and fluvial (10%) landforms. Tors and residual hills are most common among geomorphosites (205 sites), followed by moraines (52), dunes (49), gullies and their systems (45) and river valleys (34). Thus, PCRG does not yet adequately reflect the diversity of the geomorphological heritage of Poland.

18

Geomorphological settings of Polish research areas on Spitsbergen

Zwoliński Z., Giżejewski J., Karczewski A., Kasprzak M., Lankauf K. R., Migoń P., Pękala K., Repelewska-Pękalowa J., Rachlewicz G., Sobota I., Stankowski W., Zagórski P.

Landform Analysis

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2013

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Vol. 22

125--143

EN

Paper described geomorphological characteristics of landform sets which occur on research areas investigated by Polish geomorphologists on Spitsbergen. These area involve four areas along the western coast of Spitsbergen, i.e. vicinities of the Kaffiøyra, the Werenskioldbreen, the Calypsostranda, and the Hornsund, as wel as one area located in the central part of Spitsbergen, i.e. vicinity of Billefjord with special emphasis on surroundings of the Petuniabkukta. Landforms are characterized in different morphogenetic terms, mainly glacial, peryglacial, deundational, slope, fluvial, even eolian factors and processes.

19

Granitowy krajobraz Kotliny Jeleniogórskiej : dopełnienie Geoparku Karkonosze

Migoń P.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2012

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Vol. 60, nr 10

528–-533

EN

The intramontane basin of Jelenia Góra in the West Sudetes (SW Poland) is located adjacent to the Karkonosze Mountains, recently proclaimed as a national geopark. Although formally not included into the geopark, geological history and geomorphology allow to consider the basin as a logical complement of the Karkonosze Geopark. More than 20 easily accessible localities are potential geosites, illustrating the history of magma emplacement, lithological and structural diversity of granite, Cenozoic volcanism, evolution of denudational granite relief, the history of Pleistocene inland glaciation and human - geoheritage interactions, which culminated in the development of landscape parks in the 19th century. Geosites in the Jelenia Góra Basin do not duplicate those in the Karkonosze Mountains, but tell different chaptersfrom the long-term geological evolution of the West Sudete.

20

Geoparki i geoturystyka na Tajwanie

Migoń P.

Przegląd Geologiczny

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2012

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Vol. 60, nr 6

315-318

EN

The island of Taiwan is located at the boundary of the Eurasiatic Plate and the Phillipine Plate, in the zone of collision and hence, intense mountain building and seismic activity. Rates of uplift and incision around the Taroko Gorge belong to the highest on Earth and a variety of inland and coastal erosional landscapes occurs in Taiwan. Geodiversity of Taiwan is extremely high and provides natural basis for geotourism development. Although official participation in the UNESCO-supported Global Geopark Network is not possible on political grounds, Taiwan strongly adheres to the idea of geo-education through geoparks and interpreted geosites. In 2011 a national network of geoparks was created in Taiwan that so far consists of six geoparks, including four on the main island and two on offshore archipelagos. Themes such as basalt volcanism, coastal evolution, melanges and badlands, landslides and mud volcanoes are represented in Taiwanese geoparks.