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Motywy matematyczne na frontyspisach siedemnastowiecznego polskiego piśmiennictwa techniczno-wojskowego

Rodzeń Jacek

Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki

2023

T. 68, nr 2

105--131

This article aims to analyze (from autopsy) mathematical motifs in the frontispieces to selected seventeenth-century Polish technical-military treatises (by Adam Freytag, Kazimierz Siemienowicz and Józef Naronowicz-Naroński). The frontispiece is considered here an iconographic source for the history of science and technology. The rationale for investigating this topic is the process of the progressive mathematization of technical knowledge in Europe in the 15th-18th centuries. It is the first study of this subject with regard to Polish technical-military writing. Only one other article is devoted to this issue (Delphine Schreuder, When Mars Meets Euclid. The Relationship between War and Mathematical Sciences in Frontispecies of Fortification Treatises, 2021), but it does not cover the works of Polish authors. There are also several general studies (mainly in art or architectural history) on frontispieces to fortification treaties (Armin Schlechter, Engraved Title Pages of Fortification Manuals, 2014, Jeroen Goudeau, Harnessed Heroes: Mars, the Title-page, and the Dutch Stadtholders, 2016). The analysis of the typographic compositions of the discussed frontispieces revealed three main motifs: 1. the connection between the art of war and mathematical knowledge, as far as the knowledge of fortification and artillery is concerned; 2. the degree to which those disciplines - both of which combine the practice of the battlefield with theory - were mathematicized; 3. the crucial importance of drafting and measuring instruments for these sciences. The article’s final section addresses the issue of the rhetorical and persuasive function of the frontispieces.

Oktant morski Isaaca Newtona

Rodzeń Jacek

Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki

2020

T. 65, nr 3

77--94

Isaac Newton is known primarily as an outstanding mathematician and physicist. Less known are his interests in alchemy, theology, and history. Yet, we still know very little about his interest in engineering and about how he designed and created several scientific instruments (e.g. a variant of the reflecting telescope, a variant of the rotary slide rule). Among them, there is also a navigational octant built by Newton in 1699. This device is an example of an ingenious solution in the field of early modern catadioptrical instruments.