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PL
Przedstawiono różne procesy rozszerzonej delignifikacji w produkcji celulozy typu ECFI TCF. Te wielce pożądane masy celulozowe, wytwarzane całkowicie bez użycia chloru (TCF), można wytwarzać tylko jeśli osiągnie się niskie liczby kappa. Obecnie dostępne opcje to: rozszerzona delignifikacja, bardziej efektywne mycie, delignifikacja tlenem i/lub zastosowanie enzymu i dalej bielenie przy użyciu innych chemikaliów niż chlor. Opisano chronologię dozowania chemikaliów przy rozszerzonej delignifikacji w procesie kraft i przyszłe, możliwe kombinacje. Skupiono się na siarczku sodu (Na2S), aminach alkilowych (R-NH2), wielosiarczkach (Na2Sx+1), związkach powierzchniowo czynnych i antrachinonie (AQ).
EN
A bries presentation on the different enhanced delignification processes for ECF/TCF pulp production will be given. These greatly desired totally chlorine-free (TCF) pulps are obtained only if very low kappa numbers are achieved in kraft pulping. At present, available options are: extended delignification, more effective pulp washing, oxygen delignification and/or enzymatic treatments followed by final bleaching using other Chemicals than chlorine. A chronological order of the current additives used for extended delignification in the kraft process and examination of future alter-natives is presented. Special attention is given to sodium sulfide (Na2S), alkylamines (R-NHJ, polysulfides (Na2Sx+1), surfactants and anthraguinone (AQ).
EN
Arguably the most important factor in the wet end of your papermachine is Colloidal Retention. Colloidal trash can create problems with runnability and sheet quality. It doesn't let your retention system or additives work well, and it leads to deposits, holes, breaks, and overall papermaking chaos. Retaining this extremely small material in the sheet while it's still small is the only way to efficiently purge your papermachine wet end of this potential problem child. Anchor it on the fibers, in the sheet, to the reel, and out the doors the only way to be sure it's gone. Don't use dispersants that only try to push them back into the water, until they eventually saturate the wet end and deposit out somewhere, anywhere, everywhere! This type of chemistry just creates a Vicious Cycle where low colloidal retention creates foam from non-retained size, which prompts for increased defoamer dosage, which in turn hurts sizing and begs for more size addition; while the dispersant added to stop the forming deposits only hurts sizing even more, and back to the beginning of the cycle. Dispersants and detacktifiers don't work. Microparticle colloidal silica is highly recommended as part of your machine retention system to assure the best colloidal retention and amid these problems. Microparticle silica and cationic wet end starch together form a team, a net that fishes out this small material and holds it strongly onto the fiber. Silica has proven itself over the last 20 plus years. And now more than ever, where Sizing products depend so much on starch for emulsification and retention, it makes sense that the silica that works best together with starch will help sizing while it stops the Vicious Cycle from ever starting. Here we review the details of the mechanism; and a few case studies.
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