In recent years, large steps have been taken in the field of nanotechnology, and many nanotechnology-based breakthroughs have been made in geotechnical engineering. It is apparent that nanomaterials will be used to improve the geotechnical properties of soils in the near future, extensively. In this paper, we discussed previous studies on the use of nanoparticles in soil, their properties, their effects on soil and the equipment used in nanotechnology. A new categorization was introduced and the significant effects of nanoparticles on the properties of soil were studied. According to the new categorization, clay particles vary between 0.1 and 2 μm, while nanosol contains particles in the range of 1–100 nm.
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